The Important Changes of the Gilded Age

The changes that occurred in the high-minded shape up led to fictile American into the superpower and well respected international country that it is recognized as today. The most important changes were the discovery of uses of copper, the convocation crinkle output technique and the completion of the first transcontinental railroad.The uses of copper that were introduced during the Gilded be on leaded the development of necessities of life as we know it in the United States today. Because of its baron to transmit galvanisingity and sound, it is used in telephone and telegraph systems and electric lighting technologies that were developed and introduced during the Gilded Age. It is almost impossible to imagine what our baffle day lives would be like without telephones, computers and other electronic devices that evolved from the inventions that developed from the discovery of uses of copper during this great period.Henry Fords use of the throng line in manufacturing the first cars in large numbers would detain and evolve to being one of the most efficient techniques of manufacturing otherwise multiplex and time-consuming products. The assembly line, which is still in use in many an(prenominal) factories today, would cut the time of production and would also cut down the skills inevitable to build and manufacture products.Before the assembly line, for example, a product would be crafted by a skilled person who possessed the knowledge of qualification the product. It would take a long time to manufacture because the manufacturing would be do alone or by a few workers. The assembly line would cave in a line of workers who would do just one mold of the manufacturing process. For example, one worker would only put on a play out and thats what that one worker would do all day long. The assembly line would, in turn, require only laborers, sort of of skilled workers, to be used on the assembly line. Laborers would be paid ofttimes less than sk illed workers and would work towards the manufacturers advantage. Fords use of this technique of labor management would allow him to make his millions promptly and efficiently. This change in focus of function instead of skill would allow efficient productivity. Without the assembly line, factories today would run much slowly and would have much smaller output than with the assembly line.Another change from the Gilded Age would be the completion and use of the first transcontinental railroad. not only was it functionally great, but it was symbolic also. This would join the west and the eastside in a weeks time journey instead of taking several months. It was also a symbolic change in that the East and West were finally connected. The West would become a more accessible area for resources and settlement. This was a proud achievement of the United States also because of its own greatness in length and size. The railroads were a crucial take apart of the industrialization of the U. S. during this time period. They were an important part of transportation during these times.The Gilded Age gave birth to many of the corporations that exist today. The ideas, inventions and discoveries of this time were necessary for America to be where it is at today.

How to Successfully Expand your Business into the Africa

Import and trade figures atomic number 18 also significantly high(prenominal) for emerging markets and developing economies compargond to advanced economies. Looking at these projections as an art or investor should excite you seriously considering expanding your bloodline or portfolio into these vicinitys and tap into these r tied(p)ue. introduction Today world is becoming less and less defined by its boundaries, the words Global Village and used to reference this evolution. Business is at the fore front of breaking these boarders.Technological advances in communication especially via the founding Wide Web gain broken down the barriers enabling a art in America to deal come in rodents in a consumer in China, England, Brazil, Kenya. Anywhere the internet is present can now be include in a businesss target market. Not only can businesses sell goods and serve ups anywhere in the world, the can also have transaction there and be able to communicate and collaborate with c olleagues and different partners more(prenominal) efficiently and affordable than even before. Given these facts then why do businesses choice to do trade with ace country everywhere other and non both or as any(prenominal)(prenominal) as contingent?We the simple answer to this question is that there numerous other barriers to designate with unlike countries that will make it hard or even out(predicate) for overseas business to expand into those regions. African countries have been one of those that many businesses in developed countries have refrained from doing business with. And in their defense its not without merit. Despite African cosmos blessed with an abundance of natural resources, it has been plagues with wars, and governmental instability leading to high levels of poverty, lack of education and poor nucleotide.However over the last deuce decades, many of these countries have made strides in widen there economies, and have registered high economic res ult during this period. However even with these changes, not many foreign business have taken strike off of these region as potentially significant part of the market. Even with diminish economic ontogenesis rates among developed countries. Africa is poised to be the abutting big market, especially as things slowly wind down in Asia notably China. The purpose of this project is to establish a successful system for American Businesses to expand into the African Market Is this a profitable market?The African economy has proven a significant economic growth of the historic two cascades. The economic growth rate is two to three multiplication that of developed countries and still significantly higher than that of other emerging economies resembling Asia and Latin America. The set class has shown a sharp rise over the last decade, raising the amount of multitude with discretionary income thus tearaway(a) the economy. This growth spike is bowel movementn by the growth of the middle class. The middle class growth has happened as Africa makes strides in education, infrastructure, and political stability in many countries.Compared to Just about 10 years ago, a immense economic growth can be noticed. From a similar inquiry project conducted written in 2004 titled The experience of South African Firms Doing Business in Africa we can see Just how the economy and other factors have changed. In June 2003, the International Monetary Fund ( anger) observed that macroeconomic policies in Africa had improved considerably in recent years, although inflation remained a source of worry in a number of countries such as Zombie, Angola, Somalia and Nigeria.In its April World Outlook, the MIFF maintained that the central challenge for Africa remained the establishment of those conditions incumbent to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, most notably a keep up reduction in poverty. However, to achieve these goals, an boilersuit growth rate of 7% per annum is requ ired. Far from have-to doe withing that goal, Africans economic growth slowed to 3. 1% in 2002, compared with 4. 3% the previous year. (Games 2004) Fast forward to 2013 that goal of 7% growth is being attained by several African countries.If you look at the in style(p) MIFF data for economic growth in table 1. MIFF 2013 The total growth for many of the African countries, is at 6. 9% in 2013 and raising up to 7. 9 in 2014. The map further shows where split are recording these phenomenal growth rates. A 7% average annual growth rate is too significant to Just be ignored. This growth creates an increased demand for goods and services that usually cannot be chance upon by current businesses and government. Deutsche Bank tell the number of households with discretionary income would reach 130 trillion by 2020 from 85 million now. Cape argus pheasant South Africa 14 Novo. 2013) What industries are most profitable? A developing counties or emerging economies the African market has op portunities for business in every industry. This region is playing catch up with developed countries thus means the opportunities for foreign businesses who have already one it can bring with them experience and expertness to contribute to this growth will turning a profit. Retail is one of sub-Sahara Africans hottest sectors, fuelled by expanding populations and fast increment economies.In east Africa, the economies of several nations are growing around 7 part a year. Real income growth in Africa is averaging 2. 3 percent a year and consumer spending accounts for 60 percent of economic output, the World Bank said in April. Deutsche Bank said the number of households with discretionary income would reach 130 million by 2020 from 85 million now. Thats really good news for shops. daily News Colombo, Sir Lankan 14) Africans tourism growth was faster than the average for emerging economies. More than half of Africans tourists arrived by air.International tourist arrivals in Africa ha d grown almost fivefold since 1990 at a rate of 6. 3 percent a year. International tourist arrivals rosebush from 15 million a year in 1990 to 50 million in 2011. The growth rate in sub-Sahara African tourism arrivals was some 8 percent a year between 1990 and 2011. It is estimated that tourism injects more than $30 billion (Rabin) into the continent a year. Airbus said there had been some positive improvements across the egging despite reach outd impediments to growth. (Cape Times South Africa 1 Novo. 013) What are the barriers? These are Low levels of development and insufficient investment in people as resources Political and fiscal risk. A weak private sector, match with a fast(a) government presence in the economy extravagantly dependency on donors and other financial mechanisms for aid and the funding of projects broad(prenominal) business costs owing to the lack of basic services, facilities, infrastructure, development, competition and resources shy(predicate) air a nd road links Poor leadership and bad governing body Corruption at all levels of governmentHigh costs of finance due to high risk and weak economies Currency fluctuations. (Games 2004) This list of barriers to doing business in Africa are from a decade ago, at present not all of them have been corrected but significant steps have been taken to fix reduce or eliminate them. In Africa, foreign investors beware business is often a family affair. Just ask Wall-Mart , the worlds largest retailer. routine News Colombo, Sir Lankan 14) Political climate Tunis The eighth annual African Economic Conference concluded today, calling on development and business leaders to turn Africa into a hub of business and development excellence. The conference, Jointly organize each year by the African Development Bank (BFD), the united Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ACE) and the United Nations Development Programmer (UNDO), brought together ergocalciferol decision-makers and development practi tioners. Daily the Peak Banker 2013) Infrastructure SCALING up infrastructure investments and adopting modern methods of management have been identified as significant benchmark in releasing potentials in the business sector to contribute vastly to economic growth of the East African Community (EACH) partner states. (Tanzania Daily News 2013) We need investment n infrastructure, our roads and ports, (African news service 2013) Countries to avoid Why sub-Sahara Africa and not north?Growth will get around in north Africa dues to slow down among oil tradeers (miff pop) Sub-Sahara Africa is expected to continue growing at a strong pace during 2013-14, with both resource-rich and lower-income economies benefiting from sturdy domestic demand (Figure 2. 15). The away environment is the main source of risks to growth, curiously for middle- income and mineral-exporting economies. Given the still-uncertain ball-shaped environment, countries whose policy buffers are thin and here grow th is strong should seek to rebuild fiscal positions without undermining productive investment. miff pop) The broadly strong per- performance is based to a significant extent on ongoing investment in infrastructure and productive capacity, continuing iron consumption, and the activation of new capacity in extractive sectors. (MFC pop) . In sub-Sahara Africa as a whole, inflation is projected to fall further to 7 percent in 2013 (miff pop) The frequency of growth takeoffs in low-income countries (Lies) has risen markedly during the past two decades, and these takeoffs have lasted longer than those that took place before the answer.Economic structure has not mattered a good deal in sparking takeoffs-?takeoffs have been achieved by Lies rich in resources and by those orientated toward manufacturing. A striking similarity between recent takeoffs and those before the lip is that they have been associated with higher investment and national saving rates and with stronger export grow th, which sets them apart from Lies that were unable to take off and confirms the key role of with child(p) accumulation and trade integration in development.However, recent takeoffs stand out from earlier takeoffs in two great aspects. First, todays yeoman Lies have achieved strong growth without building macroeconomic imbalances-?as reflected in declining inflation, more com- impulse exchange rates, and appreciably lower public and external debt accumulation. For resource-rich Lies, this has been due to a much greater reliance on foreign direct invest- worthy (FED). For other Lies, strong growth was achieved despite lower investment levels than in the previous genera- Zion.Second, recent takeoffs are associated with a faster pace of implementing productivity-enhancing geomorphological reforms and strengthening institutions. For example, these Lies have a lower regulatory burden, better infrastructure, higher education levels, and greater political stability. Looking for- ward , there remain many challenges to maintaining strong growth performance in todays dynamic Lies, including the concentration of their growth in only a few sectors and the need to diversify their economies, and ensuring that growth leads to broad- based improvements in living standards.Still, if these countries succeed in preserving their improved policy foundation and maintaining their momentum in structural reform, they seem more believably to stay on course and avoid the reversals in economic fortunes that laid low(p) many dynamic Lies in the past. miff 97) In particular, the follow- ins have pay off more important a more competitive exchange rate, deeper export links with other Modes, higher human capital levels, initial levels of income per capita, and overall economic size.Indeed, as global trade and competition increase, greater external competitiveness, export diversification, and productive- itty improvements may raise Lies chances of takeoff relatively more than when the global economy is less integrated. The baseline results suggest that the chances of take- off more than tripled during the sass compared with the period before 1990 (Figure 4. 11). The predicted (miff Pl 10) How can barriers to entry be overcome?He said that in order to kick-start a major investment drive on the continent, these banks should partner with institutions such as the Bank Guest Francine De Development, the Africa finance stool and Cairo-based Brinkman. Pressed on whether he had considered the Industrial Development Corporation and the Development Bank of Southern African, he said these too should be considered for partnering and leveraging with bigger commercial banks. (Cape Times South Africa 1 Novo. 2013) Business on the continent is a family, not Just a transaction.If you miss the relationship you will have endless trouble with the transaction. Building relationships in Africa is an important part of doing business, particularly for South Africans who have to work at countering the apprehension that they are the new colonizers, the bully boys who have taken over markets, displace out local businesses. (Games 2004) be other countries already doing business in this region successfully? About 80 business people have been given advice about increasing exports to Africa. The event, held yesterday in Quern, was hosted by regimen agency I-J Trade and Investment (KIT).Susann Hutting, of the East Midlands office, said most of the delegates had already traded with Africa and were aspect for ways to increase their sales to the continent. Lots of people were looking for different information about exporting more, she said. (Leister Mercury Novo. ) Which developed countries are doing business here? Asks, who was born in South Africa, said everyone is peachy on Africa, including investment banks in the EX. and North America. They had billions of dollars available to invest on the continent but did not know the regulatory terrain and the pitfalls of c oal investment markets.He had been in discussions with many of the worldwide banks. They are all asking Are you Airbus formulating a strategy for Africa? (Cape Times South Africa 1 Novo. 2013) Marriott International, the New York Stock Exchange-listed international hospitality group, is planning to acquire the brands and management business of variable Hotels in South Africa and sub-Sahara Africa. The US group confirmed yesterday that it had signed a letter of intent with Cape Town-based Protean Hospitality Holdings to acquire Protean Hotels brands and its management business.Protean Hotels operates or franchises 116 hotels across three brands with 10 184 rooms in South Africa and six other sub-Sahara African countries. (cape times 2013) How are other business from other foreign countries doing? Natural growth of African-based aviation would see the number of aircraft needed to serve the markets for flights to, from and within the continent rising from 618 at the start of 2012 to a projected 1 453 by 2031. It was projected that 122 aircraft of the quick 618 would have to be replaced, while 823 would have to be brought on stream. This meant nearly 1 000 new aircraft would be needed in the next 20 years.

How useful are the following sources in arriving at an accurate understanding of Dartford high street in the mid nineteenth century?

in that location has been much development and change in Dartford later the eighteenth century. One of the umpteen reasons for this is the growth of industry and the manufacture of the railway, this town has gone from being solely from being a market-town and coaching conduct to developing more towards industry. The broad(prenominal) pass has changed a lot since the ordinal century in terms of functions, shops, conditions, etc. at that place atomic number 18 many ways of finding out what it used to be like, including rootages, the census, and the existing grammatical constructions. There are six main creates in Dartford proud exclusivelyey which I am studying.These buildings are generally quite simple to put a rough date to them. The rough date that we outhouse confidently provide these buildings is that they are from the Georgian era, with a couple withal being from the nice era. Some of these buildings, such as the Bulls Head yard building affirm certain featu res tryly(predicate) it which can help give details closely the actual passage and its functions, non vertical the building. The Bulls Head yard building has a pulley system attached to it, which could suggest a storage warehouse and cart way on the opposite hand this does not unavoidably mean that the avenue had many carts going over it.Although, source C (the engraving of Dartford luxuriously route), suggests that carts were common in Dartford high gear route. Moreover, the Bull and capital of Seychelles Hotel gives some recite to suggest that coaches were popular in Dartford as well. We can see this because the entrance is fairly abundantr than it would normally be for an ordinary building or hotel, and then suggesting that this building could have been a coach house. So overall, although the buildings show individual purpose and use, they in themselves, do not inescapably show what the high street was like in the 1800s.The strengths of this source are that thi s report gives detailed culture on the conditions of Dartford advanced road concerning matters of hygienics and sanitation. It is an official enquiry by the General Board of Health and pen by William Ranger therefore, it must have some reliability. It was also written in the nineteenth century so Ranger would have cognize exactly what it was like. The report implies that Dartford is not a real prosperous town, byword things like The general character of this place is such that humans ought not to be allowed to occupy it. This tells us that the area being described has very poor sanitary conditions. The report therefore contrasts with Dunkins description of a wealthy, aesthetically-pleasing town. There are also weaknesses to the report. Firstly, it only focuses on Clarks alley rather than the High Street itself and therefore it does not directly tell us about the High Street. Furthermore, only the conditions are described, rather than other aspects such as its function and p eople.Also, as the report was written for the Board of health, it describes the worst incident scenario of the conditions of the High Street so that the Board of Health would spot where to improve-due to the judicature Public Health Act of 1848, people were hired to report on the sanitary conditions of places. Dunkins history of Dartford is a detailed description of Dartford. It was written in 1844. Due to the fact that it is a go for, it could be said that there were prejudice motives for writing it, as there is an advertising gradient to it, not just an informative side.This is because the source comes across a bit like a brochure, which meat that Dunkin could be promoting Dartford and its shops in particular since he himself owned one. So this could be seen as not very helpful in gaining an mind of Dartford High Street. Although, Dunkin was a local man which means that he should know what he is talking about. Moreover, he was also a historian, which also means that he us es factual information, and has researched what he was writing. The reliability of the source could be questionable, as it doesnt actually tell us a lot of information about the function or look of the buildings themselves.The report to the general board of health was an official document which means that the likeliness of the report being curve is very low. This source contradicts Dunkins view of the appearance and prosperity of the high street saying how it may be incorrect. It gives information on what life may have been like for the ordinary working people in Dartford. However, it is a limited discussion regarding the appearance of the high street itself. It refers more to the alleys and side streets than the high streets.Peter Boreham was a historian who relatively recently wrote an overview of Dartford for the book Dartford Through Time. The strengths of Borehams account are that the fact that Boreham was a historian gives this source reliability due to the fact that his ai m would have been to report the truth, as that was his job. He also has the advantage of hindsight and neutrality, as he was not there at the time. Boreham describes the function of the High Street in his account when he talks of Dartfords role as a shopping centre this tells us that shopping was one of the High Streets major functions.This is supported by the evidence from the census which says that 30% of all of the jobs in the High Street were as shopkeepers. In fact, Boreham probably used the census in bless to make this information. We can tell from Borehams account that he has used other sources, including the census as mentioned previously, when writing this. For example, he says Housing conditions were atrocious. This is probably based on Rangers report to the Board of Health which states a similar thing.He also writes how the shop windows are tightly packed with as many goods as possible which could refer to when Dunkin writes about handsome shops, well stocked with a ch oice assortment of goods tastefully displayed as well as referring to the photographs mentioned. The wide range of sources used adds reliability to the account, as it means that he has not just used a narrow perspective of the High Street but has considered many points of view. The book Boreham wrote was written for schoolchildren in 1990. Therefore, in order to provide the right information to the children, he would have had to have do it as accurate as possible.However, the weaknesses are that Boreham was not there at the time and therefore did not know for sure exactly what the High Street was like. In addition to this, the book was published by Dartford Borough Council and therefore they might have edited it in favour of Dartford. Also, Borehams account was aimed at secondary school pupils so it might not include all of the information in order to make it more interesting or easier to understand. Furthermore, Borehams source lacks detail and can only give us an approximate over view of the function of Dartford, rather than a detailed description.Although Boreham used some sources, there are some which he did not use. For example, the engraving was probably not used, as he does not describe the appearance of the High Street. Therefore, we do not know what other important information he has left(a) out. Overall, Peter Borehams source gives a reasonably reliable overview of Dartford High Street in the mid-nineteenth century, which uses a wide range of sources to help give us an idea of some of the functions and buildings of Dartford High Street at that time. The engraving of Dartford high street was done in 1860.It is a Detailed engraving which gives a clear and complete view of the high street itself, and also a large range of buildings. It gives great detail on the appearance of the buildings, demonstrate all the architectural styles of the buildings, such as Tudor, Georgian, and early Victorian architectural styles are all visible. Although it gives grea t detail on the appearance of the buildings and the high street, it doesnt give a lot of detail towards the actual functions of the high street in the mid nineteenth century.However, it does show some basic information which can help us gain an understanding of what Dartford high street was like, such as in the engraving, we can clearly see carts and carriages in the street. This shows, as mentioned in previous sections, that carts and coaches were popular in the high street, which is plump for up by the image of the Bull and Victoria Hotel. Also, some other functions are visible, these include trade, shopping, and transport. From this engraving, we can also see evidence of prosperity in Dartford.This is made apparent by the obvious wide on the fence(p) airy streets, the fashion, street lighting, and it is obviously clean. We dont, however, know who drew this engraving, which means that it could actually be very unreliable, or it could be reliable. Overall, although it doesnt give detailed evidence of the high street, it does give sufficient evidence of the functions, appearance and prosperity of the high street to give us a rough understanding of what Dartford high street was like in the mid nineteenth century.

The Great Alaska Adventure team is planning a five-day

The Great Alaska Adventure team is planning a five-day fly- angle trip for the executive team of BlueNote, Inc. at the bequest of the President. The trip pass on be into the remote back country of Tikchik River, an argona known for its wildlife and strong terrain.The area is best known for its salmon fishing. The trip allow for be all told-inclusive except that the executives will be responsible for their own cargo s hip to(predicate)s to the Dillingham base camp. We will need to provide cargo ships from Dillingham to the Tikchik River Basin, boat transportation with motors, camping equipment and meals, guides and a four-hour fishing class. We will provide fishing licenses for all the guests and four experienced river guides.DiscussionThe first thing we need to follow to fill in with in the planning process is to find a way to meet from Dillingham to the Tikchik. Most of the time people going on float trips brush up the river begin by taking a float plane to the lake at the head of the river.Our first concern will be the cost of rental the float plane and making certain that it has ample space for our guests and our equipment. We will alikewise need to hire four experienced guides who are also adept at fly-fishing and give notice teach our guests how to fly fish once we get on the river. Once we get to the river, we will be able to fall in the float trip in 4 to 5 days. We will plan on food for six days at minimum and also take additional equipment for immediate preparation of our catch. In case of really bad luck fishing, we will take sufficient food to take care of three meals per day for at to the lowest degree six days.We will also want to take water purge tablets for drinking water and snacks. The boats will then be taken to the river and we will commence our trip down the river. The first thing will be our fly fishing class and then we will amaze lunch. wherefore we will float down the river for about four hours and get to the campgro und for the evening. We will make camp and begin the first evening of in force(p) fishing. This will be repeated for the next four days.It sounds simple and like nothing could go wrong, right? Right. Nothing. Except what if the motors on the boats dont work, it rains every day and the raft capsizes the first day and we lose our food. What if we take over a grizzly who thinks our guests look like a good dawn snack or one of the guests is allergic to fish? What if they forget their hip waders and end up with hypothermia?Some of these risks we can plan for and account for and some(prenominal) we try to mitigate. For example, by hiring experienced guides we should be able to minimize the bump of capsizing the raft and losing our equipment. In addition, we will hire at least one, preferably two guides with extensive first aid training and natural selection training, so that they can deal with injuries or illness in our guests and any(prenominal) the wildlife try to thrown at us.We will precheck the equipment before leaving Dillingham to make certain that the equipment is functional. This should reduce the chance of malfunction once we get into the wilderness. In addition, we will take both cellphones and a CB radio so that we can communicate with civilization should we need immediate medical assistance. We will look flares and the guides will be armed with shotguns in case of an animal attack.Since we are going in June, the likelihood is that the weather will be joint and we should have warm enough temperatures, but we will need to pick out what alternatives will be in place should the week of the trip draw in and the weather be inappropriate for a trip into the back country. For example, if we find that the entire week is expected to be rainy and cold, we need to have an alternative plan in place. What is our responsibility if the trip must be canceled due to inclement weather?

Fourth Amendment Exceptions Summary Essay

The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution requires that no inquisition or seizure shall be carried out unless a warrant has been issued. The exceptions atomic number 18 seekes with consent, frisks, plain feel/plain view, incident to arrest, automobile exceptions, egregious quite a little and open fields, abandoned property and public place exceptions (Harr, Hess, 2006, p. 219). Consent to search any property must be make passn by t actual owners or, as set forth in the United States v Matlock (1974) by a person in charge of that property. If, for instance more than than one person owns a property, only one of those individuals must go consent. There are exceptions to that rule as well. Only commonly divided up areas of that property may be searched (Harr,Hess, 2006). Take for instance a family lifetime in an apartment which comprises of a husband, wife and sister to the man. The sister would consume consent for common areas, such as the living room, den, kitche n, and bathroom, to be searched and she cannot give consent to allowing the bedroom of the brother and sister in-law to be searched.The husband, on the other hand, could consent to having the bedroom searched because it is there joint bedroom and is not off-limits to him. Other conditions on the searches incident to arrest exception take on the use of force, the search of other individuals with the arrested individual, searching the vehicle of an arrest person, modernity and inventory searches if a government agent has probable cause to look at the vehicle contains contraband or evidence of a crime without a warrant because in the time it would take to get a warrant, the car, number one wood and contraband or evidence could be long gone (Harr, Hess, 2006. p. 231). The 1981 result of Robbins v. California saw the justifications for searching without a warrant. Those specifications include that the mobility of vehicles produce exigent circumstances.

Lying Essay

Consider intellection about the controversial issue on lying. People usually fag outt particularly c be about the little white lies, scarce lying is never a good solution in all billet, because whether its a small lie or a vainglorious lie, there is everlastingly several(prenominal) form of consequence to each and both fib. There are a few certain articles such as, A Philosopher on Lying, by Immanuel Kant who also believe lying should not be tolerated in any way.Just like in the article I mentioned earlier, A Philosopher on Lying, a German philosopher, Immanuel Kant, explains his point of view on lying. Every lie is dangerous the size of the lie doesnt issue. As Kant states in the article, Dont tell someone a lie, because therefore you are not treating the mortal with respect, as an individual. If everyone would just imagine the person who theyre lying to, using that same lie towards themselves, they wouldnt tactile property very good. If someone believes that the right t hing to do is lie, no matter the situation, then everyone else should stun the right to lie too. One lie leads to other in most cases, which turns into a huge mess of lies, and that could end up hurting everyone in the end.If someone lies to protect a friend or a family member, is it really being used in the proper situation? Well, its only going to hurt the person more in the end, rather than telling the truth in the beginning. If they attempt to keep in a big hidden, especially from a close one, it may get out their relationship apart just knowing how long they kept that discipline from them. It would be much easier and highly worth it to just get the concealed over with in the beginning. Keeping in a huge mysterious from someone has many bad side effects however, wad need to keep in mind that if that person kept something from them, they wouldnt be happy either. According to an interview, Brad Blanton Honestly, Tell the Truth, Blanton states that Delivering the truth is easier, takes little time, and is less stressful.Telling the truth sounds easier than it actually is because action speaks louder than words. That is the main reason absolute majority of people choose to lie. Many people disagree that every angiotensin-converting enzyme small lie is a bad thing, because they dont trust to cause any pain or harm to the person they are fibbing to. According to the article, Its the Truth Americans Conflicted about Lying, Randy Cohen says that, non only is lying justified, it is sometimes a moral duty. This basically states that people are only trying to protect loved ones from any secure harm.Lying is an issue that people have dealt with for as long as any living person could remember. It creates problems, and thats pretty much it. I have never seen a lie that led someone to advantage and have it all work out in the end. Lying isnt the right way to go, because someone will always suffer from some kind of consequence, big or small. It is much eas ier to tell the truth and get it over with, rather than keeping it away as a secret and end up spilling the truth out later. Fibbing is dangerous and always messes with peoples head, ending up in a line of regrets. If someones like me, lies almost never work out like how theyll course of study it in the end. Always tell the truth, because it gives respect, receives respect, and its definitely worth it in the end.

Mckinsey & Co. Managing Knowledge and Learning

Michelle Abbott Professor Jon gobble up December 10, 2002 Written Case Analysis McKinsey & Company Managing Knowledge and acquire Evaluating Guptas Four Pronged Plan Rajat Gupta has recently inherited a fast-growing consulting firm with a strong fellowship base and a competitive market position.In dictate to en sure enough the future success of McKinsey & Company, however, Gupta faces a number of ch everyenges he must provide outstanding services to an progressively sophisticated clientele, offer his employees ongoing education and upwardly mobile charge paths, continually enhance McKinseys reputation as a attraction in the consulting field, and, perhaps most signifi flow the sacktly, continue to leverage his go withs acquaintance base across divisions while still applying the unity and sticky corporate culture that have always been important to McKinsey.Gupta seems determined to watch over familiarity as the confederations key line of reasoning driver. Accordingly, h is four-pronged computer chopine includes an emphasis on practice development and organizational learning, an annual program called the Practice Olympics, six special initiatives foc utilise on emerging issues, and the refinement of McKinseys research institute. But can Gupta successfully tend to all of these initiatives at once without fragmenting the community? And are there critical business areas that he overlooks with this approach? reservoir The St. Martins Handbook, 5th edition, by Andrea A. Lunsford (Bedford/St.Martins, 2003) 1 development Sharing & Corporate Unity vs. Cost-Effectiveness Despite its rapid growth, McKinsey & Company is attempting to maintain its unity Firm policy in which responsibilities and profits are divided up throughout the company rather than solely within offices. Though the company is divided into clientele sectors, centers of competence, and generalists and specialists, the philosophy of unity ensures that knowledge resources are continually distributed across these sectors. Considerable effort has been invested in an culture infrastucture intended to hone this sharing of resources.Guptas four-pronged plan is designed to further emphasize knowledge sharing in a variety of forums. Gupta should not pursue knowledge sharing without a thorough military rank of its costs and benefits, however, as intumesce as on the alert discussion about how knowledge sharing can be implemented most efficiently. While instruction sharing in an industry such as consulting is of utmost importance, it is an expensive practice. Each clipping discipline is documented and shared throughout the company through some(prenominal) medium costs are incurred, both in labor hours and clobber resources.There must be a comparable, tangible benefit to sharing information namely, the knowledge must be usable to the recipient. If the knowledge is not uncommitted to the recipient, sharing it is probably not costeffective. Additionally, Gupta migh t also reexamine McKinseys commitment to unity in terms of cost-effectiveness. Is it efficient, in other words, to assert on continually sharing knowledge and information resources throughout the firm, or would it be wiser to simply allow some of the fragmentation that is occurring naturally as the company grows and diversifies?As the centers of competence and clientele sectors develop, perhaps some root word The St. Martins Handbook, 5th edition, by Andrea A. Lunsford (Bedford/St. Martins, 2003) 2 would be more efficiently take on as autonomous sub-units or even spin-off companies. With good strategy, these sub-units and spin-off companies might even still be able to optimize the upraise companys resources, including McKinseys impressive reputation and clientele base. node and Other Stakeholder Focus Guptas four-pronged plan may also be overlooking customer and market focus.Though benefit to the customer is implicit in his plan for the advancement and sharing of McKinseys inf ormation resources (i. e. , better knowledge ultimately benefits the client), the customer is not explicitly addressed in the agenda. Guptas plan might benefit from a more blanket(prenominal) evaluation of customer need. For example, some clients might value not only fashionable information, but affordable rates, information that is sustainable in the long-term, and friendly, helpful, available onsultants who office staff a premium on customer satisfaction. Indeed, a business that fails, at any stage of strategic planning, to carefully consider customer needs is bound to lose customers in the long run. Similarly, the needs of other stakeholders be consideration and inclusion in Guptas plan. Those with equity in the company will fatality to see that Guptas emphasis on information sharing enhances the firms bottom line. Company employees will want to see that Guptas plan opens opportunities for continuing education and career promotion.Indeed, a clear career development and succ ession plan will give employees additional incentive to participate in Guptas initiatives, such as the Practice Olympics in which employees present innovative ideas that have brought them success to a panel of senior executives. Source The St. Martins Handbook, 5th edition, by Andrea A. Lunsford (Bedford/St. Martins, 2003) 3 Guptas Challenge Guptas commitment to a corporate atmosphere that set organizational learning is likely to keep McKinsey & Company at the heading of the consulting industry.In order to guarantee that his four-pronged plan brings success to his company, however, McKinsey must be sure that information sharing is always accompanied by tangible benefits. Where information sharing fails to be useful and therefore costeffective, it should not be lease otherwise, Gupta risks jeopardizing his firms positive attitude toward organizational learning. This may necessitate some strategic separation of departments, a departure from McKinseys One Firm policy.Furthermore, Gupta must ensure that knowledge sharing within the company takes place through a variety of mediums, including traditional face-to-face interactions such as the Practice Olympics and the practice development. Technology should also be used toward this end group support software systems, for instance, may provide a cost-effective and efficient way to share information across departments. Finally, Gupta should be sure that his approach to moving the organization forward includes a comprehensive evaluation of all the stakeholders interests in the firm.Cutting-edge knowledge should not be engage at all costs. Rather, it should be pursued to the degree that it contributes a lowest benefit to the company, the companys employees, and the companys customers. A great emphasis on the customer as well as careful analysis of all stakeholders interests will be necessary in order for McKinsey & Company to continue to attract high-potential employees and a profitable clientele. Source The St. Martins Handbook, 5th edition, by Andrea A. Lunsford (Bedford/St. Martins, 2003) 4

Remember the Titans Essay

A scene in the hit of which I thought it was strong was when the new coach takes the players into the woods for a run and they arrive at a sort of cemetery. He tells them most a lesson from the death they catch to come together, otherwise they lead be destroyed. He tells them whether they like severally other or not, they should respect each other. I really like this scene of the movie, first, because I think it takes trust in a special surrounding. All the players atomic number 18 exhausted from the discharge and kind of impressed by the place.Second, I like this part because I like the message and the way the coach tries to create one squad out of two groups. The third message I got from the video is the fact that sports brings people together. No matter what race, as friends in a team you can make it work. In the video the white boys and the African-American boys have each their own team with their own rituals. Along the road, their passion for football and their desire to win brings them together.They combine their habits and the difference in their cultural backgrounds gives them a special feeling of a united group and makes them stronger. Also in other situations can sports play an important factor, you can see it in the world with for example the Olympic Games, but also other major sports howeverts. I think sports can unite individuals from different cultural backgrounds because the rules are the same in every culture and as people are playing, they do not necessarily have to speak the same language.So, if you give the messages all together, I would say that in my opinion the movie is a really good one. After watching it I realized even more that it is about personalities and characters instead of the way people look or the cultural background they are from. Although it can be hard for nearly individuals to act this way, for example because of pressure from their peers or because the way they are raised. I hope that for the future that eve ry day more people will realize that it is not about the differences, but about the similarities.

Psychology Perspectives

This deportmentist perspective is that we plenty as sealed any(prenominal) type of behavior by looking at what the person has scamed. Pesonality traits for utilisation shyness, corporate trust, and optimism. Pavlov (CLASSICAL CONDITIONING) Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist working with chases to investigate their digestive systems. The dogs tested where link up to harness, and Pavlov attached monitor to their stomachs and mouths so he could measure the skunke of salvation. He noniced when the labo let outory assistant came in with the food before the dog had actually tasted the food the dog began to salivate.Pavlov speculated that the dog salivating because it had conditioned to associate the laboratory assistant with the food. This is when his theory began. Food robotlikeally led to the receipt of salivation. Since salivation is an automatic solution, he called this immeasurable response. This means a response that regularly occurs when an unconditi championd inp ut is presented. As the food automatically leads to this response, he called this an unconditioned excitant this means a stimulus that regularly and consistently leads to an automatic (not learned) response.Pavlov and so presented food at the homogeneous time as the gong overly see if the dog would learn to associate the bell with food. After some(prenominal) goes the dog learned that the bell associated with food and began to salivate when mediocre the bell rung and no food was presented. This is called conditioned response this means a sunrise(prenominal), learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that mimics the response to unconditioned stimulus, it had learned the conditioned response of salivation to the conditioned stimulus (the bell).Conditioned stimulus means a neutral stimulus that, when paired with the unconditioned stimulus, produces a conditioned (learned) response, just as the unconditioned response used to. muleteer (OPERANT CONDITIONING) Burrhus Fre deric mule driver, an American psychologist who worked mostly with rats and pigeons, to discover some of the key principles of learning bran-new behaviors. He used a famous device, called a Skinner lash. The box contained a leaver which, when closeted, throw overboardd a food pellet into the box, this reinforcing lever-pressing deportment.At first when he rat is in the box it pull up stakes be running just about(predicate) sniffing his new surroundings, which at some point it, will press the leaver, relinquish a food pellet. After a while when the rat has repeatedly performed this action, it will learn that this demeanour (pressing the leaver) I automatically followed by the release of a food pellet (the consequence). As the pellet is experienced as reinforcing (something that the rat would like to collapse more(prenominal) of), you called this plus reinforcement, this is happens when the consequence pursual a busy is experienced as desirable.Skinner so used a dis confirming reinforcement which is when behaviour results in a consequence that removes something unpleasant. The prejudicious reinforcement he used was a actually low galvanizing current on the floor of the Skinner box. The current could be de-activated if the rat pressed the lever. Social learning theory Role models ar very substantial. We can learn new behaviour from anyone but we imitate behaviour if we argon strongly regularized by the personal manner we perceive the person. We can be influenced by others when we observe someone who we extol behaving in a particular way we argon more likely to imitate such behaviour.Solomon Asch, complaisant psychologist conducted experiments to show how an singulars behaviour could be influenced and changed because they did not urgency to stand out from a crowd. This is cognize as Majority lick we all consent a powerful hope to fit in and belong. He ga thered a group of 6 mass together. These people were play acting according to instruction. They were joined by a nave participant and asked to crap part in a visual knowledge test. Albert Bandura, theory is we learn from people we are exposed to in our environment. We learn new behaviours from people we observe, either in real life or in the media.This is called observational learning. The person we learn from is know as a post model (someone who has characteristics that inspire us to copy their behaviour). The mathematical operation of imitating is called simulate (a process of basing behaviour, attitude, and style, of speech or dress on someone we admire or would like to be. foundation garment This is a theory of human victimization which emphasises the interaction of biological drives with the social environment. Sigmund Freud, an Austrian psychologist, who smashed the theory of psychodynamic psychology and the treatment known as psychoanalysis.Freud suggested that what we are aware of is represented in our conscious mind but some of our memor ies, intentings and past experiences are locked up in a part of our mind which he calls unconscious. We cannot rile the contents of our unconscious, but they often leak out in our dreams or whitethornbe just slip out of our tongue. He said proto(prenominal) experiences are overly important is in later life behaviours is understandably illustrated by Freuds reading theory of psychosexual several stages 1. unwritten tip, primary source of interaction occurs by dint of the mouth, so the rooting and imbibe reflex is especially important.The mouth is crucial for eating, and the infant derives pleasure from oral exam stimulation through rewarding activities such as tasting and suction because the infant is entirely dependent upon caretakers, the infant also develops a experience of trust and comfort through this oral stimulation. 2. Anal decimal point, primary localise of the libido was on controlling bladder and bowel movements. The major conflict at this stage is toilet t raining the churl has to learn to control his or her bodily steels. Developing this control leads to a esthesis of accomplishment and independence. 3. priapic play, primary focus of the libido is on the genitals.At this age, children also begin to discover the differences betwixt males and females. Freud also sweard that boys begin to view their fathers as a rival for the overprotects impressions. 4. Latency Stage, The stage begins roughly the time that children enter into coach and become more concerned with peer relationships, hobbies and other engagements. 5. Genital Stage, during the nett stage of psychosexual development, the individual develops a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex. This stage begins during puberty but last end-to-end the rest of a persons life.He tries to explain the power of early experience and how this whitethorn influence the adult personality. Freud divided the mind (the psyche) into 3 structures, the id, the ego and the superego. a ccord to Freud these appear at different stages of a childs development and are empowered by the libido (energy). The ID, part of the psyche we are innate(p) with, it operates on the pleasure principle, contains all our basic instincts such as requirement for food, drink, warmth. The Ego, part of the mind whose function it is to moderate the demands of the id and pr eccentric the superego cosmos withal harsh, E. . Repression is a defence mechanism when a person forgets an cause , defense force is also a defence mechanism because your pushing am event or emotion out of consciousness. It operates on the reality principle. The superego, roughly combining weight to a conscience, the superego consists of an internalisation of all the ranks of the right and wrong we become been socialised to conceptualize in. It also contains an image of our ideal self. Erik Erikson, a psychologist who concord mostly with Freuds theory in so far as he thought we developed through a series of sta ges.He also conceived Freuds put too much emphasis on our swear for individual gratification and not enough of our need to be veritable in society and lead meaningful life. The different psychosocial stages Stage 1 (0-1 Year) This stage focuses on how the infant is parented, the positive outcome of this is it dependable, responsive, and caring parenting leads to a sense of trust. The damaging outcome is parenting lacks warmth and affection or is ill-matched leads to mistrust. Stage 2 (1- 3) This stage is be enabled to do things by yourself the positive outcome is being supported in growing independence leads to a sense of autonomy.The negative outcome is being criticised and over-controlled leads to a feeling of un reliablety about your own competence. Stage 3 (3-6) This stage is interaction with the knowledge domain the positive is being encouraged to try out new skills and search the world leads to a sense of initiative. The negative is being hampered in the desire to fin d things out. Stage 4 (6-12) This stage is to understand how things are do and how they work the positive outcome is the ability to succeed at true to life(predicate) tasks leads to a sense of industry. The negative outcome is being published take on tasks they are not ready for leafs to a sense of inferiority.Stage 5 (12-18) This stage is developing a consistent sense of identify by experimentation, the positive outcome is the experimentation leads to a secure sense of identity. The negative outcome is the inabilities to experiment and develop a sense of identify leads to role confusion and a negative identify. Introduction Humanistic psychology looks at human experience from the viewpoint of the individual. It focuses on the idea of free will and the belief that we are all capable of making choices. Two psychologists associated with this entree are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) an American psychologist who believed that we are all seeking to become t he best(p) that we can be, spiritually, physically, emotionally and intellectually. He called this self-actualisation, with this he constructed a theory known as the hierarchy of call for, in which he explained that every human being requires certain basic needs to be met before they will be able to approach the next level. Maslow believed that until our basic physiological needs are met, we will focus on all kind of energies on get them met and not be able to progress further.When we are all surface-houses, come up-nourished and comfortable physically, we begin to focus on our emotional needs, such and the need to belong and be loved and to feel conceit. When our lives are such that these needs are met, we strive to self-actualise. Carl Rogers (1902-1987) was particularly interested in the concept of self. there are many aspects of the self but there are ternion important ones, self-esteem, self-concept and internalise. Self-Esteem, this is how valuable we feel as individ uals. Someone with high self-esteem will believe they are loved and loveable and that they are important and valued.On the other hand people with low self-esteem whitethorn feel themselves to be worthless, of no value to anyone else, unloved and unlovable. Self-concept, this is how we see ourselves. In early life this comes from what we are told about ourselves E. g. Youre so Amazing, Youre such a good singer. As we grow older, our ability to think about ourselves develops and we begin to incorporate our own judgements e. g. I was really good at Science, I was the best driver, I wasnt invited to that party- I was unpopular. Internalise, this is to do the way we take in discipline from the outside world and build it into our sense of self.It then becomes part of our feelings, thoughts and beliefs about who we are and what we expect from the world around us. Introduction This psychological perspective gas gained enormous ground since the 1960sm when the influence of behaviourism bega n to wane. A great deal of research has been commit to understanding cognitive processes such as attention , memory , perception, information processing , problem solving , though language and other aspects of cognition. jean Piaget (1896-1980) was a Swiss psychologist who initially worked on measuring intelligence.He came to a purpose that cognition develops through a series of stages m each new stage building on the previous one after he noticed children the same age made the same mistakes in logic. Stage 1 Sensory-motor (0-2), the world is experienced through motor activity and the senses. Stage 2 Pre- operative (2-7), Language develops along with memory. The child is egocentric and unable to conserve. Stage 3 Concrete operational (7-11), the child can now understand conversation but cannot yet solve problems mentally.Stage 4 Formal operational (11+), the child can now use abstract thoughts and represent problems mentally. Introduction The biological perspective is one of the major approaches to doing psychological research, which is focused on the idea that behaviours pull in biological causes. Common types of biological studies on behaviour include things like the effects of physical child abuse on future adult actions, how injuries such as head trauma affect behaviour, or whether or not criminal behaviour can be explained by genetics.Maturation theory The theory holds that the effects of the environment are miminal. The child is born with a set of genetic instructions passed down from its parents, and its cognitive, physical and other developmental processes merely unfold over time, sooner than being dependent upon the environment to mature. This is the effect, a theory which states that development is delinquent to nature not nature. Arnold Gesell, a psychologist and educator in the 1940s, was interested in child development. He did frequent observations of children, which Gesell formulated a theory known as pus.This theory stated that developmen tal changes in a childs tree trunk or behaviour are a result of the aging process rather than from learning, injury, illness, or some other life experience. Gesells idea of maturation was fixed in the biological, physiological, and evolutionary sciences. As a result, Gesell centered most of his theory on the power of biological forces, which he felt provided nervous impulse for development to occur. Gesell and his contemporaries proposed that development follows an arranged sequence and that the biological and evolutionary history of the species decides the order of this cycle.Maturation supports the idea that each childs unique genetic and biological makeup determines the rate of development despite of other potential environmental influences. Genetic influences on behaviour, genes can affect behaviour in many ways. Some disorders, such as cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anaemia, are caused when both parents pass on the gene for the disorder. Disorders that occur regardless of en vironmental influences, such as those listed above, are genetically determined disorders. This means that the individual who inherits the gene or genes is certain to develop the disorder, regardless of environmental factors.The influence of the nervous and endocrine systems on behaviour, the autonomic system produces its effects through activation of nerve fibres throughout the nervous system, brain and body or by stimulating the release of endocrines from endocrine glands such as adrenal and pineal glands. The hormones are biochemical substances and they are released into the blood stream and have a profound effect on target organs and on behaviour. They are present in very small groups and individual molecules have a very short life, so their effects quickly unfreeze if they are not secreted 24/7.There are all sorts of different hormones in our body including. Melatonin, which is released by the pineal gland and its job, is to act on the brain stem sleep mechanism to help synchr onise the phrases of sleep and activity. The second hormone is testosterone this is released in the testicles in which may influence aggressive behaviour. The last one is oxytocin this is release by the pituitary gland and stimulates the milk deed and female orgasms. Only some hormones are released as a response to external stimuli. For example, the pineal glands respond to reduced daylight by increase production of melatonin.M1 After doing my P1 criteria, Ive look backed and only certain perspectives explain well and here are my opinions on them. These are Skinner (Behaviourist Perspective), Carl Rodgers (Humanistic Perspective), Sigmund Freud (Psychodynamic Approach) and Maslows hierarchy of needs helps explain also. On the other hand, I do not agree that our behaviour is simply down to our genes. In my opinion I believe that the environment and what we surround our self with has a huge impact on our behaviour. Due to this explanation I wear outt think Gesell explains it very cl ear.I think Albert Bandura explains it very well as it is true we do tend to try to be like and call for to be like people we consider as our role model. However, we only copy behaviours that interest us. In my opinion I dont think the biological perspective explains behaviour well as I dont believe that just our genes determine our behaviour, to me there is more to it. Such as our upbringing and environment and personal beliefs. People may say we dont always copy a behaviour that we have seen by observing others as it may be reinforcing negative behaviour and therefore we recognize it as wrong and for those reasons we do not want to copy it.The behaviour could also be something that you dont agree with as it may go against your beliefs or the way you have been brought up E. g. Moral and Values. We are more likely to copy behaviour from someone we know E. g. Peers like Family and Friends or aspire to be like. We are likely not to copy if we dont have the same opinion or if it is si mply against our beliefs or what we have been told. If the person has had a bad experience from doing certain behaviours, then we see it as a lesson and as a result we do not do the same, as we see it as negative behaviour.Another reason is if the outcome of that specific behaviour wasnt something we anticipate. Also if the person who behaved in a certain way. In addition to this we are less likely to copy someone who is being punished for a certain action. We only imitate behaviours that interest us. accordingly, in my opinion I feel like the approach that is best at explaining behaviour is Skinner and his skinner box. I think this is the best approach when explaining behaviour as it is truthful and the outcome have shown this.I also believe it is the most successful as I believe it is true when we are satisfied with something and like the way it works. We will continue to use that assistant as long as it keeps us happy and meets our needs. This is very comparable to what the ra t was doing inside the Skinner box. Whenever the rat felt hungry it would press the lever which would then release a food pellet. The rat then continues to press the lever. This is similar to an individual being satisfies with a service as it is giving the individual what it requires therefore they keep going back.As they see it as a positive experience. Then it became an unpleasant experience when the rat was comely electric shocked once pressing the lever. The rat then learned that it would continue to receive the shock if it continued to press the lever. So the rat learned to preventive as it wasnt having a pleasant experience. This is the same with us, if we started to have a horrible experience somewhere the likeliness is that we would stop apply that service, and in the same way the rat stopped using the lever. Also when we do something where we see positive results, we will carry on.However, when the inappropriate event occurs we will learn to stop carrying out that behav iour as it isnt working in the way we wish. Therefore I believe this is the best approach to behaviour as I feel it is the truest in real life. My second person who I think explains behaviour well is Sigmund Freud. This is because he explained behaviour in a way where people can relate too. As the past we dont often possibly think of but sometimes it may hit us and make us realise that we were solace carrying those memories and past experiences with us but we just didnt realise.He also said they often leak out in dreams and slips of the tongue. Although we dont always think of it as such, it is still there with us and that is what makes us dream about it. We then realise that it is still on our mind and it is something that is still creating an effect on us, even if the event occurred many years ago. My last person I agree with is Carl Rodgers. I judge what a child has been told throughout their life, will affect who and how they develop when they are older.For example, someone wh o has been called horrible names, will feel of no value will develop a low self esteem and confidence and they wont feel good enough to do certain events. They will not feel very constructive about themselves. Therefore they may give up on life and may fille many good opportunities. However someone who has always be pushed in life and have been told that they are smart and will do well, may actually go on in life and do well as they feel they have people that believe them. Therefore they believe in themselves and so this person will have developed a high self esteem and may be quite.

Compare and Contrast the Poems September 1913 and Easter 1916 Essay

New Irish whiteface Prime incentiveTHE 90+ years pre-booking subvention is available from the 1st November 2012. If you will have kine ready for slaughter from this date they should be booked in from the stemma of August 2012.Heifer & Steer qualifying weight range 220kg 380kgSEE succeeding(a) PAGE FOR EXAMPLE HEIFERS & STEERS What is the late Irish Hereford Prime bonus value to youEg. 580kg HEX Heifer Grading O+4- 51% kill come out of the closet = 296kg carcase 15c/kg Under 300kg carcase Hereford Prime bonus + 6c/kg QA move in unneeded 62 20c/kg Under 300kg carcase & pre-booked 28 days + 6c/kg QA Earn extra 77 25c/kg Under 300kg carcase & pre-booked 90 days + 6c/kg QA Earn extra 92 If this wight graded R+ or better it would similarly get a further 6c/kg Hereford quality bonus and be worth 110 extra in Irish Hereford Prime The new Hereford Prime bonus can be worth up to 31c/kg on this R+ heifer under 300kg clayEg. 675kg HEX Steer Grading R-4- 52% kill out = 351kg carcase 10c/kg Standard Hereford Prime bonus + 6c/kg QA Earn extra 56 15c/kg Pre-booking 28 days in proceed + 6c/kg QA Earn extra 74 20c/kg Pre-booking 90 days in advance + 6c/kg QA Earn extra 91 If this animal graded R+ or better it would also get a further 6c/kg Hereford quality bonus and be worth over 112 extra in Irish Hereford Prime The new Hereford Prime bonus can be worth up to 26c/kg on this R+ steer

Mindful Eating Essay

Mindful feeding can be understood as eating with full sentience about what you are eating, where and what is going on around you objet dart eating. Today, in this busy life of ours, we are unable to have mindful eating, and preferably we do mindless eating, i.e. simply eating, without paying much attention to fare for thought and the happenings nearby.Mindful eating is all about paying attention to our nutriment and cherish the moment. According to mindful eating, we shall notice our food, its colour, its flavour, its aroma and enjoy our food to the maximum. Multi-tasking while eating, that is watching T.V, reading newspaper, talking etc. leads to mindless eating and thus leads to overeating. In order to practice mindful eating, some of the adjacent points are to be taken into consideration- * Notice your Food, i.e notice its aroma, its texture, its flavour. * Avoid Multi-tasking while eating.* Take small bites and chew your food properly. (32-times) * sap only half of you r stomach. gaint eat for a stomach full * Eat only when you are hungry, dont wait to exaggerate your smart * Have Good and heavy Brunch and a light dinner.* Dont drink water immediately after having food, wait for at least 20 mins. * Always eat in groups, but bend talking while having food. * Cherish your Food.Mindful living helps you in cherishing every moment of your life and stay happy. Mindful eating is the first grade one can take towards mindful living.

Napoleon Dynamite: High School Movie Painted on a Canvas Essay

Ahh yes, here we argon again a nonher high school flick filled with stacks of loud hip music, constituentying, nudity, drugs, awkward social interaction, and teens rebelling against all authority and normalcy. Thats what these movies are ab step to the fore right? Wrong. short sleep Dynamite falls bunco of all stereotypical preconceived nonions I had going into this movie. No passing(a) character trying to fit in, no parties, no sporting events that hire to be won, and no drugs or drinking.The picture is actually very refreshing, the position that it doesnt have any of these rapidly changing scenes or negotiation filled with horny teens discussing their experiences and sexual destinies with each other. The introduction nonpluss a long, leaden pace for the movie, and really sets the artsy, low budget tone. Opening credits showtime with names written on items such as, school food, rulers, pencils, notebooks, and so on. The settings are dull, the music is strange and mel low, the wardrobe looks like it is from an early 90s thrift store, and it is set in a small town in Idaho which explains the movie so well.The main character is in fact Napoleon Dynamite, a pulverisation without often to brag about. He dawns coke bottle glasses, parachute pants, t-shirts with horses and dolphins on them, a fanny pack, and moon boots. He is everything a nerd would be from this era, exclusively without the typical genius that normally comes with being a nerd. He isnt a computer whiz and doesnt engage in science or math club. In fact, he is actually part of the FFA which makes sense because he does help raise a llama at his grannies house, and also works for a day at a chicken coop.Dont let any of this fool you, these are mere mentions for in that location is no part of Napoleons spirit that really dominates the movie. The movie consists of Napoleon, his brother Kipp, Pedro, and his Uncle Rico getting into lame situations and activities in a lame town. I mean as f ar as the major events consistent with teen movies, there is a dance and there is a school president election which becomes the main focus of the movie about ? of the way through the flick. Napoleon and Pedro run a turn on which amounts to maybe 4 scenes in the movie.They also have to ask out girls to the dance which maybe takes up 2 or 3 scenes, so its not centered on teen competition or romance. It really isnt center around much, except the small adventures of the above mentioned characters. A worthy mention about this movie is that it is dry not ripe the humor but every aspect. It is dryer than a saltine cracker on a napkin, on a paper plate, in the center field of the Sahara desert. I mean dry. Every character involved is, not just Napoleon. The music, the scenery, the plot, the scenes, the interaction, and activities all fit together beautifully in this movie masterpiece.I can say this is definitely a work of art, this film is not a slap stick comedy by any means, but I fo und myself very pleased with the amount of laughter it brought into my life. on that point is no doubt this film will be a madness classic for years to come. This is a quote worthy movie, for the little parley that it does have. How or when to use those quotes in your daily life is probably a task however, mainly it would be while discussing Napoleon with another viewer. small mention also, the camera work is simple and fabulous they nailed the mood of the movie with the cameraSo what does happen in this movie you may be asking yourself? I have not really painted much of a selling review up to this point. It is a must moderate If you have that eye for art, if you enjoy independent films, if you dont legal opinion an amateur cast, and you get dry humor than you need this movie in your life. I dont want to spoil all of it for those who seaportt been graced with this movie. Napoleon calls his brother Kipp at home because he require Chap Stick to cure his dry lips. Pedro has a sw eet cycle called the Sledgehammer and it is customized with pegs, shocks, and a Mexican flag on the back of the seat.Napoleon takes Kipp to a free trial at Rex-Kwan Do, a questionable military arts instructor they saw on television everyone knows that Kipp is training to be a cage fighter. Uncle Rico films himself throwing a football to nobody in a field alone with a van. Pedro shaves his head because his hair is qualification him hot. If that isnt enough to make you want to watch this film than Im not sure you would enjoy it. Mainstream movie goers would probably be better off with the likes of American Pie or Super Bad. Also a mention in closing, there is no crude humor, no nudity, nor conk language, so this movie is appropriate for all ages.

Porsche strategy through the recent years Essay

Porsche had been lucky and profitable for many a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) years, but hit a break up in the early 1990s. Its proceedsion became inefficient and wasteful this was fuel conduct by the position the U.S. economy was in a recession. The confederation was actually ab come in to work bankrupt and there were talks of a possible coup (Stredwick, 2005, pp.67-78). The simple machine manu occurrenceurer was saved by the then newly appointed chief operating incumbent Wendelin Wiedeking. He made sure that Porsche foc employd on creating new clevernesss in lean manufacturing and synchronized engineer. This was after Porsche had been operating for many years as a craf 2rk society that in general allowed the engineers to operate on their own and non with the whole production line. This made the engineers relax on making heavy Porsche car designs and selling fall apart designs to outdoorsrs that later hurt the telephoner. Part of the purpose that led to the com pany making major profits again was to strive Porsche product line which was mainly the sports car production it had foc employ on for such a long period (Henderson & Reavis, 2012, pp.56-65).Some of these other products include the Cayenne which is an SUV, it entered the market place place that was competing with other betrays in the SUV market this include Audi, BMW, Mercedes, place down Rover and Volkswagen. This was a risk to be closely associated with Volkswagen which is a brand that produced cars for mass production. Some considered it a sell out and a substance dilution of the senior high standards of the Porsche cars. This car as predicted was not a first time hit but Porsche worked on its designs for three years to produce a better reliable version that was finally a hit. In 2005 it too announced that it would create another car out of its sports car atomic number 18a. This was a luxury sedan named Panamera after a Mexican-long distance car locomote (Viknesh, 201 2, pp.2-6).Porsche schema by the recent years One of the best strategies that Porsche has stuck through the thick and thin is the companys outside engineering air PEG, which has always focused on selling designs based on the strength of Porsche engineering. Porsche acquired much sh atomic number 18s in Volkswagen raising its shargons from 31% to 50% in showtime of 2009. This was an official acquisition of the company since they were the majority shareholders. Porsche has been known to carry out hedging as part of its business. In 2008 in it made vi times as much in the computer memory market as it did through selling cars. Its acquisition of Volkswagen was based on its hedging activities. For a period of time market speculators were wondering why Volkswagen shares remained high disrespect the fact that the company was not performing very salutary financially. This led to the reveal of the decision of Porsche owning more than 74% of Volkswagen shares. This led to a stock market squeeze that made Volkswagen the most valuable company in the reality for a brief period of time with stock increase to values over 1,000 Euros (Henderson & Reavis, 2012, pp.5-8).The CEO Wiedeking had a lot to do with the decisions that Porsche has been taking. He has made the company profitable by taking risks and making the threatening decisions that led to the creation of new methods and ideas at Porsche. plan and design are also part of the major competitive strategies of Porsche. This is one schema that has seen the company earn billions from it. It includes a team 2,300 engineers in its engineering Research and cultivatement. It shares it with outside companies by designing models with the intrinsic core of all its designs being Porsches strength. This customer engineering development company is known as the Porsche Engineering Group. It is known as Porsches secret ace that enabled it to employ more engineers than if it worked alone. Companies trust it to create m odels for them since its small size would not allow it to use the technology availed from the models created (Viknesh, 2012, pp.2-8).These strategies of Porsche seemed to pay off but however secret instructover of Volkswagen led to the split of the Porsche family some opposing while some supporting. Porsches hedging and manipulation of the stock market while trying to take over Volkswagen has brought Wendelin Wiedeking and Holger Harter the two former chief and chief financial officer of Porsche chthonic investigation for information based market manipulation. The hedge bullion and other business that made major losses during that time are seeking compensation. The failed takeover of Volkswagen was an error on Porsche part. It did so despite the fact that it had SE debts. This failed attempt led to the former Mr Wiedeking leaving the company. This news has negatively impacted the company with its share price dropping by 2percent to 56.93 Euros. collect to the debt and the litiga tions charges that may be brought against Porsche it has been forced to sell the 50.1 shares acquired in 2008 at an underestimated summate of 4.46 billion Euros. This has ended the seven year takeover with many tidy sum thinking Porsche would win out in the end. Volkswagen although held out as it did not cut corners like Porsche was trying to do when it was trying to takeover Volkswagen (BBC nakeds, 2012, N.P). contempt this Porsche is still making high begets on investment. Even under the Volkswagen umbrella Porsche is still able to confound a lot of money. It will keep up doing thoroughly provided it does not give up its brand in manufacturing its products. downstairs Volkswagen it will be able to specialize in making many more cars rather than the sports car it is considerably known for, this will make sure it continues returning high returns on investments. The litigation costs though are going to be a huge burden to the aggroup it hence has learnt its lesson the hard way by being acquired by another company. It therefore is a lesson to all other companies not to manipulate the market for selfish goals that are driven by the directors wholly (BBC News, 2012, N.P).Porsches go in forming and implementing Company strategy The theoretical frame work fag end the strategy of Porsche consulting lies in three steps. One is the bodied strategy whereby the company lays a common goal and vision. This are made specific to the customer, finance, employee and market segments of the business. From the corporate strategy the product strategy, core strategy as well as cross-departmental strategy are based on the general corporate strategy. Corporate strategy can include brand strategy and product strategy (Murlis, 2004, pp.4-12). Examples of brand strategy include brand values and an interpreter product strategy includes modular strategy. Core strategies form step two of creating the companys strategical position. This entails every department doing its part in to ensure that the companys strategic objectives in customer, finance, employee and market dimensions are met (Roehm & Brady, 2007, pp.6-8). The suitable objectives in core strategies are thus divided into the succeeding(a) sections, gross gross strategies, production, procurement, development as well as key figures (Fleisher & Bensoussam, 2003, pp.2-8). The trey step in forming the companys strategy includes setting up measures. This are defined for each segments of the corporate strategy, they lead to accomplishment of strategic objectives. These measures set the basis of accomplishing the strategic objectives of Porsche (Porsche Consulting Magazine, 2013, pp.2-4).For the company to cook a correct strategy the three steps must be followed to the letter. According to Eberhard Weiblen, chairman and CEO of Porsche consulting the strategy has to be developed first over a short period of time by a small stand team. Further the strategy has to be clear and simple and creat e an stirred experience in the staff for it to be successful. Porsche has used this strategy and has yielded cracking results of continued profitability as well as enhancement of an exclusive brand (Cavusgil, et al., 2009, pp.44-56). Due to the steps mentioned above the company has been able to develop a strategy to work on till the year 2018 that defines concrete goals and fields of activity. This dimensions defined include market, employees, finance and customer dimensions. The main strategy is achieving the title of being the most successful manufacturer of sports cars in the world (David, 2007, pp.50-54). The consultants of Porsche consulting are being retained to accompany the development and achievement of Porsche strategy 2018. The main reasons why their company strategy procedures work so well is because they put it to test for a short period of time of six months and see the outcomes (Doole & Lowe, 2004). They also involve their employees as part of the testing side hen ce leading to the success of the set up procedures later on. communicating of the strategy in place also plays a huge role. This is achieved by companywide-management conferences which are attended by managers at department level (Porsche Consulting Magazine, 2013, pp.2-4). return Management at Porsche recognize management deals with strategies and suees as well as policies being set in place to ensure the employees efforts are recognized. Rewarding managers depending on financial cognitive operation of the company is based on how well the company is performing financially (McDonald, 2006, pp.78-82). These include figures such as return on investments, profits achieved in the year and other financial estimates used to measure financial executing (Cavusgil, et al., 2009, pp.34-38). However this system of recognise is not equilibrize hence Porsche need to change it into a more balanced form of reward system. For the reward system to be viable and to cue employees it has to f actor in other works that have boosted the company (Calsson, 2004, pp.5-12). These include sales performance and engineering rates of the company as well. Financial performance although important is but one aspect of the whole companys general health. The other factors that are recognized also lead to high financial performance. High sales will generate more revenue hence boosting the financial performance of the company. Others like engineering levels and prowess of the company will reward engineers who make exceptional advancement in their engineering designs and models. If these models are exceptional they will increase revenue of the company as well as it will be able to sell these designs for a high amount (Murlis, 2004, pp.56-67).These rewards will motivate the employees, to want to travel by in the many purposes in the organization, If the rewards are spread overall other measures and not financial performance only. It will lead to employees being driven to excel in all are as and not financial only. These rewards can be unessential as well as intrinsic rewards. Extrinsic rewards refer to promotions, gifts, bonuses and earnings raise (Calsson, 2004, pp.3-8). While intrinsic rewards refer to those aimed at ensuring employee satisfaction this include, monogrammed name or plaque, trust, recognition, relationship, feedback and empowerment. Intrinsic rewards are aimed at making employees feel better within the department while outside rewards are based on the performance and activities of the employee to a certain outcome. Porsche recognizes all these and carries out both extrinsic and intrinsic recognise. The company also tries to find a balance mingled with rewarding an employee extrinsic and intrinsic (Henderson & Reavis, 2012, pp.5-13).The rewards should be given according to an employees personality. Tickets to watch a basketball game has to be given to a person who is a fun and not a stay at home mum who doesnt like basketball. Porsche also rewa rds not only individuals but also teams and departments (Alkhafaji, 2003, pp.22-26). The evidence shows that the type of financial rewarding utensil of Porsche based on financial performance seems to work for the engineering activities since they are still leading in the providing of vehicle designs. However it will have better results if the other reasons for reward other than financial performance are set in place. The engineering department will work supererogatory hard to achieve the reward. The company should consider incorporating motivational theories in rewarding its management (Brooks, 2009, pp.2-6).The two directors were Wiediking and Holger were purely driven by financial performance that led them to neglect other aspects that make a company successful such honesty and full disclosure. This requires Porsche to change its policy of only rewarding managers on financial performance basis alone. The motivation theories include process and content theories. Content theories therefore require the company to name and inquiry on aspects that make employees to perform efficiently. The company needs to do this so as to know what motivates the employees other than financial performance. The reward system under content theories is more extrinsic they include bonuses. While process theories mainly focus on intrinsic rewards which include self-actualization, respect and recognition. Which boost employees confidence and improve job satisfaction of the employees (Stredwick, 2005, pp.4-9).ReferencesAlkhafaji, A. F. 2003. Strategic Management, Formulation, Implementation, and Control in a Dynamic Environment (21, Illustrated Ed.). capital of the unify Kingdom RoutledgeBBC News. 2012. Volkswagen agrees to buy rets of Porsche for $5.6bn,Brooks, I. 2009. Organisational Behaviour (4th ed.). Essex England Pearson learning Limited. pp. 8189.Calsson S. A. 2004. Strategic Knowledge Managing in the Context of Networks, Chapter 32. In enchiridion on Knowledge Management V olume I, (Ed) Holsapple Clycle WCavusgil, S. T., Ghauri, P. N., and Agarwal, M. R. 2009. Doing Business in Emerging markets Entry and Negotiation Strategies. New York Cengage.David F. R. 2007. Strategic management Concepts and cases, New Jersey Prentice-Hall, Inc. pp. 102-134Doole, I., and Lowe, R. 2004. International marketing strategy analysis, development and Implementation, 4th ed. London Thomson Learning.Fleisher CS. and Bensoussam B. E. 2003. Strategic and Competitive Analysis Methods and Techniques for Analysing Business Competition, New Jersey Pearson cultivation Inc.Henderson. R and Reavis. C. 2009. Whats driving Porsche? MIT Sloan Management,McDonald, M. 2006. Strategic Marketing Planning surmisal and Practice. Cranfield University School of Management, The Marketing ReviewMurlis, M. & Armstrong H. 2004. Reward management a handbook of remuneration strategy and practice (5th ed. ed.). London u.a. Kogan PagePorsche Consulting. 2013. The MagazineRoehm, M., & Brady, M. 20 07. Consumer responses to performance failures by high-equity brands. Journal of Consumer Research, 34(4), 537-545.Stredwick, J. 2005. Introduction to Human Resource Management (1st ed.). Oxford, United Kingdom Elsevier Butterworth-HeinemannViknesh. 2012. Volkswagen completes Porshe takeover, Retrieved 12/12/2013, from http//www.csmonitor.com/Source document

Fight Club- Rebellion in Society Essay

In the novel fend for Club, Chuck Palahniuk uses the Fight Club, look Mayhem, and its members to illustrate their need to rebel against the aspects of order of magnitude they deem flawed. ace of the main characters, Tyler Durden, acts as the protagonist and the antagonist in many assorted ways. Tyler, along with the narrator of the book start up a labour club so that they could let their frustrations at their lives and society out in a fist fight. The main thing closely this is that its not about the fighting to them, its about the release and the freedom. It allows them to rebel against what society regards as everyday and perfect. Most guys are at fight club because of something theyre too scare to fight. After a few fights, youre afraid a lot little (54). The men are at fight club because of something in their bearing thats not going the way they feel it should, or rather how society says it should.Fight club lets them realize that its ok because life isnt all that str iking anyhow. Tyler preaches that they will all die one day so they force as well accept that, because once they can accept their fate, they would be free to do anything. Until they could do that, they were useless to him because Tyler needed tribe who looker rock bottom. Palahniuk emphasizes that society has grown increasingly materialistic and that all mint do are work at jobs they hate to buy things they dont need. Project Mayhem was started in the novel to be the buffer, a sort of socio-terrorist exploit to rebel against society and bring it down to how they feel it should be. Tylers philosophy was that if everyone went patronize to zero and had to start all over, then things would be better. Attempting to give people what they thought were better lives were their acts of rebellion against society.Works CitedFight Club, Chuck Palahniuk

The second is the exegetical or neoAugustinian

Our practise is a literary analysis of Beowulf that focuses on the literary work further non hi business relationship of the poem. Its going to be research how the story could be viewed as fortitude with the death of the hero. only when at rootage gear we should review critical writings. Two main critical approaches expect dominate the field in the last thirty social classs. The branch is the application to octogenarian side of meat verse of the oral- mixed bagulaic theory that Milman Parry and Albert Lord developed protrude of their study of contemporary South-Slavic oral poetry.1 The second is the exegetical or neoAugustinian form of interpretation associated particularly with the name of D. W. Robertson in the atomic number 18a of medieval position belles-lettres. 2 A major reason for the popularity of the first two theories is that they count to offer structured approaches to a poetry that for m whatever modern reviewers lacks any clear and familiar structure. Imagine for a moment the naive first reactions to Beowulf of a reader hitherto accustomed only to modern literature (i. e. , literature in Modern English, since Shakespeare).such(prenominal) a reader will react quickly and positively to some of the poems descriptions of violent action will celebrate curiously attractive some of the exotic atmosphere of mead-h solely and dragon-mound and whitethorn invite familiar emotions when reading a few highly lyrical theodolites. But surely he or she will find large sections of the poem imaginatively inert slowmoving, redundant, didactic, often simply opaque. Such a reader -I might as well confess that this devils advocate I save in mind is myself at a really early act may wonder why in the world the poet has chosen to unionize his attention where he does.Why does he keep tirelessly making the same(p) points and telling the same kindsof illustrative stories over and over, yet spend so pitifully little time on the literary things we d o been taught to envisage important? On personation, for instance, with its problems of development, complexity, clear motivation on richness of spot in the natural and physical background on informal, natural, and real interactions amongst people on a broad or rounded or ironic view of the world the poet presents.If we judge Beowulf by novelistic standards, it states us a cast of ornately dressed and stuffed (or stuffy) mannequins, always nimble to restate the obvious, acting out rituals as obscure as they are strenuous. The importance of Beowulf in establishing, from a literary-critical viewpoint, the definitive epic style in Old English poetry cannot be exaggerated. Beowulf and the Waldere fragments were held to constitute the only narrative poems in an rare Teutonic dialect that in respect of their scale can be compared with the epics of other lands.3 For closely readers today the epic quality of Beowulf is not in doubt. 4 Since Beowulf was obviously epic, it mustiness iness be an originally orally imperturb suitable poem to which Christian colouring was later added. 5 Now realize more closely at the strange school text of Beowulf. On write pages, written (at least in this sole surviving manuscript) about the year 1000, though probably copied from earlier versions, 6 we find a text largely composed of formulas. A concrete instance may march to illustrate this idea of limitation. That highly conventional beast the dragon is a simple example.If a dragon, a wyrm, a draca, appears in a given passage, we can be sure that the term utilise to it and the actions it performs will all lie well at bottom a small compass of convention. In what follows, the numbers in parentheses indicate my rough count of the formulaic epithets and phrases applied to various aspects of the dragon in Beowulf. The count can only be approximate, since there is much overlapping. It will be noted at at a time that some aspects are copiously, even redundantly, exemplifi ed and restated.Though there is ample variation within each of these tight clusters of patterns, and though this variation indeed forms a owing(p) feature of the style (admittedly genius our novice reader will consider some time to appreciate), the examples of variation never range far out of doors a drasti labely restricted number of fixed bases. We might call these bases normal expectations. Oral poetry as we see it in Beowulf is precisely, nigh forbiddingly, the poetry of normal expectations. They appear in all its patterns.More specific terms for some of these patterns (though my use of terms will lack the rigorous lucidity of definition the theorist demands) include the following epithets habitually attached to characters or objects (ece drihten eternal lord or eald sweord ancient sword, the attri merelyes riveted tight to their nouns) vitrine-characters (the gracious mead-pouring queen Wealhtheow) traditionalistic narrative sequences (voyages, gift-giving, fights) gnom ic assertions of permanent ethical values (swa sceal man fool thus should a man always do) certain heavily symbolic objects (weapons, ships, halls, barrows) tenor settings and props (benches to sit on, cups to drink from) habitual use of contrast to set off and define (the pairing for effect of good Sigemund and wicked here(predicate)mod) certain recognizable emotional tones or military capabilitys ( touting, the elegiac tone), with their avouch characteristic vocabularies. Such a catalogue is only an incomplete outline, and in any case is guessior because it cannot hand over the complicated interweaving of these separate constituents that is so fundamentally typical of the verse.Although medievalists are perfectly familiar with flat type-characters of the kind we find in Beowulf, such characters may present some problem to readers more accustomed to the subtleties of characterization in later literature. Traditional types the venerable and wise old king, the intensely s uffering woman, the hero oddly and remotely wrapped in his sublime violence, the ravening monster from hell, the twisted young king unceremoniously pitch headlong off Fortunes Wheel these types can seem childishly simple. scarce they are indeed the archetypal folk characters of our fairy-tales. Let us first consider the case of Unferth, a character who has constantly been made more interesting than he really is, obsessively rounded by the critics into more complex and pleasing shapes.If Unferth really is a traditional type-character in medieval literature, whence variants of the basic type should answer us find the proper category for him. Some classifications that take away been suggested would label Unferth as Evil Counsellor, or All-Licensed Fool, or Official Court Guest-Tester, or Tolerated Coward (like Sir Kay in some Arthurian tales), or Raw Youth (like the rustic Perceval), perhaps in pauperisation of the guidance of a seasoned warrior-mentor who will polish his mann ers and invoke his courage. Yet Unferth seems to wander across the boundaries between these categories in a misidentify way. He may be some new type live elsewhere, a combination of several types, or even no type at all but a new invention of the poet, though this last is unlikely.The major stumbling block to critics, of course, has been the disparity between the fact, on the one hand, that Unferth is shown not only as failing the explicit test of heroism at the meres edge (1465-71a) but as being sharply condemned by Beowulf (in the heat of the flyting, 581b-94) not only for cowardice but for having killed his own brothers, and the fact, on the other hand, that he evidently retains a place of honor at Hrothgars court and generously lends Beowulf his sword, an act for which the hero warmly thanks him. In terms of the dominant marvelous values of the poem, how can Unferth thus show himself to be both bad and good? Unferth has important role as a spokesman for the community of Dane s. Beowulfs notable tact in his successive parleys with the Danes he met as he made his way to Heorot seemed to be evidence for his own awareness of this potential tension.The Danes must determine whether the Geat is nil but a wandering showoff and braggart, coming fordolgilpe and forwlenco, out of foolish boastfulness and pride. If he is, it would be truly humiliating for them to betray their own desperate need for help by treating such a heroic charlatan with respect. Thus, even if Beowulfs very well-chosen words had placated some of the Danes, it is likely that not all were ready to embrace the visitor. Unferths sharp challenge of Beowulf may thus dramatically reside a psychological need for the Danes as a entirely. At the least, fetching Unferth as the spokesman for many Danes obviates any necessity to explain why they show no disapproval of his challenge to Beowulf. Unferth does not stay around in the hall long enough to be killed by Grendel.But seeing him as one of these b oasters over the ale-cup would explain later references to Unferth as a braggart. We should look upon that we do not ever hear Unferth bragging, though the poet tells us (499-505) that Unferth dislikes earshot any warrior praised as being any better than he is, an attitude consistent with being a braggart. But his only begin tongue, the challenge to Beowulf, is no brag. There Unferth makes the charge that it is Beowulf who is an empty braggart with a low heroic credit rating, whereas Breca, Beowulfs competitor in the swimming-race, is not. Later, when Unferth gives the sword Hrunting to Beowulf to use in the mere-fight, the poet tells us that the Dane does not remember what he had said when he was drunk (1465-68a).What must be referred to here is not the occasion of his attack on Beowulf which we witnessed but some boast we never actually heard (but can infer from Hrothgars description just quoted), since the poets remark is immediately followed by the statement that Unferth hims elf did not dare to risk his own life in the mere. This is not a very distinctive failure. Neither did any other Dane. In this, Unferth at a time again seems only if representative. But only if he had been a marked braggart in the by would his behavior now be considered sorry or even noteworthy. That the poet sees Unferth as representative Dane may, however, find some supernumerary support elsewhere. It should be noted that Beowulf himself takes Unferths attack on him to be a Danish attack, one that requires a counterattack as much against the whole nation as against Unferth individually.In his reply (starting at 581b) he begins by addressing Unferth kinda personally indeed, pointing out that, while he knows evidence that Unferth has killed his own brothers (a serious-minded charge of fratricide later validated by the poet, 1167-68), and perhaps by treachery, if the phrase peah pin wit duge though your wit is keen (589) implies some crafty plotting, there is even more sensa tional evidence, twelve whole years of it, that Unferth has not been giving Grendel any trouble whatsoever. But Beowulf then moves on at once to broaden the charge to include all Danes. Eower leode (596) is a plural really addressed over Unferths head to the listening Danes, and it is followed by the plural terms Sigescyldinga, leode Deniga, Gardenum.None of these people, though they may not be brother-slayers, have ever given Grendel any trouble either. It will take a Geat to do that. Unferth is then a symbol of national rather than merely private inadequacy. The closing lines of Beowulfs reply modulate out of mockery and into reassurance. Here Unferth may well stand for the Everydane who, the hero promises, will be able to go happy and safe to his morning mead in Heorot next day, after Grendel has been taken out of the way. But before we speak further of comradeship, we must deal with Beowulfs devastating assertion that Unferth will be damned for cleanup spot his brothers. The r emark is made in the context of a Germanic flyting or word-battle.Unferths challenge follows close on a long boasting speech by Beowulf (407-55) and Hrothgars description of the failure of the Danish hall-boasters to survive their encounters with Grendel. This combination of speeches sets up a testing situation. If the Danes many boasts about defeating Grendel could never be carried out, and if Beowulfs boast about beating Breca in the swimming-contest could never be carried out, why then should anyone expect that the heros present boast offers any promise of fulfillment? Such is the gist of Unferths speech, but its tone is even more important. It is full of the mocking terms of hot heroic competitiveness wunne struggled ymb sund flite competed in swimming he ? e ? t sunde oferflat he beat you at swimming h? fde mare m? gen he had greater strength.All this language is couched to stir the quick anger of any proud and touchy rival. Even though brother-slaying can be viewed as a terri ble crime, as it certainly is by Beowulf when he wants to be accusatory, it can also be mentioned rather neutrally and casually, as I debate is done here. Unferths virtue of great courage or spirit is in the main clause, and he is granted amnesty for fratricide in the rate clause. Critics have not generally accepted this particular subordination of importance, but I see no reason not to take this passage as straightforward and without any bitter irony, even though the poet himself may be more critical of Unferths murderous past than the Danes seem to be.But this does not mean that the text here contains a patronizing allusion to the Danes lamentable and cabalistic blindness to Unferths real and rotten nature it merely shows that they are not presently engaged in a flyting with him. A flyting would be the suspend occasion to dredge up and bring forth such bits of past scandal, but the duration of a flyting is limited and time-bound. Yet, though Unferth is thoroughly crush in the flyting and proved to be inferior to Beowulf in heroic achievement, he does not seem to be especially humiliated in this scene, partially because the poets eye is, as always, on Beowulfs greatness and partly because Unferth as a Dane must accept the evidence that only a nearsupernatural hero could have made any mark on Grendel.The Danes would much rather have saved their own great hall themselves but plainly they could not. So now they cheerfully set to work restoring Heorot to order (991 ff. ), and, though nothing is said about it, one would not be entirely surprise to hear that Unferth was turning to and joining in the task. If then we see the rivalry between Unferth and Beowulf as coming to a full stop here, it seems most unlikely that Unferths later loan of a sword to Beowulf for the fight with Grendels mother is to be construed as a reopening of hostilities, or as a spiteful act reflecting ill-feeling and resentment. It has been surmised that Unferth might know Hrunting to b e a defective weapon. 7