Biography of Eloy Alfaro, President of Ecuador

Eloy Alfaro Delgado was President of the Republic of Ecuador from 1895 to 1901 and again from 1906 to 1911. Although widely reviled by conservatives at the time, today he is considered by Ecuadorians to be one of their greatest presidents. He accomplished many things during his administrations, most notably the construction of a railroad linking Quito and Guayaquil. Early Life and Politics Eloy Alfaro (June 25, 1842 - January 28, 1912) was born in Montecristi, a small town near the coast of Ecuador. His father was a Spanish businessman and his mother was a native of the Ecuadorian region of Manabà ­. He received a good education and helped his father with his business, occasionally traveling through Central America. From an early age, he was an outspoken liberal, which put him at odds with staunch conservative Catholic President Gabriel Garcà ­a Moreno, who first came to power in 1860. Alfaro participated in a rebellion against Garcà ­a Moreno and went into exile in Panama when it failed. Liberals and Conservatives in the Age of Eloy Alfaro During the Republican era, Ecuador was only one of several Latin American countries torn apart by conflicts between liberals and conservatives, terms which had different meaning back then. In Alfaros era, conservatives like Garcà ­a Moreno favored a strong connection between church and state: the Catholic Church was in charge of weddings, education and other civil duties. Conservatives also favored limited rights, such as only certain people having the right to vote. Liberals like Eloy Alfaro were just the opposite: they wanted universal voting rights and a clear separation of church and state. Liberals also favored freedom of religion. These differences were taken very seriously at the time: the conflict between liberals and conservatives often led to bloody civil wars, such as the 1000 days war in Colombia. Alfaro and the Liberal Struggle In Panama, Alfaro married Ana Paredes Arosemena, a rich heiress: he would use this money to fund his revolution. In 1876, Garcà ­a Moreno was assassinated and Alfaro saw an opportunity: he returned to Ecuador and began a revolt against Ignacio de Veintimilla: he was soon exiled once again. Although Veintimilla was considered a liberal, Alfaro did not trust him and didn’t think his reforms were sufficient. Alfaro returned to take up the fight again in 1883 and was again defeated. The 1895 Liberal Revolution Alfaro did not give up, and in fact, by then, he was known as â€Å"el Viejo Luchador:† â€Å"The Old Fighter.† In 1895 he led what is known as the Liberal Revolution in Ecuador. Alfaro amassed a small army on the coast and marched on the capital: on June 5, 1895, Alfaro deposed President Vicente Lucio Salazar and took control of the nation as dictator. Alfaro swiftly convened a constitutional Assembly which made him President, legitimizing his coup. The Guayaquil - Quito Railroad Alfaro believed that his nation would not prosper until it modernized. His dream was of a railroad which would connect Ecuador’s two main cities: the Capital of Quito in the Andean highlands and the prosperous port of Guayaquil. These cities, although not far apart as the crow flies, were at the time connected by winding trails that took travelers days to navigate. A railroad linking the cities would be a great boost to the nation’s industry and economy. The cities are separated by steep mountains, snowy volcanoes, swift rivers, and deep ravines: building a railroad would be a herculean task. They did it, however, completing the railroad in 1908. Alfaro in and out of Power Eloy Alfaro stepped down briefly from the presidency in 1901 to allow his successor, General Leonidas Plaza, to rule for a term. Alfaro apparently didn’t like Plaza’s successor, Lizardo Garcà ­a, because he once again staged an armed coup, this time to overthrow Garcà ­a in 1905, in spite of the fact that Garcà ­a was also a liberal with ideals nearly identical to those of Alfaro himself. This aggravated liberals (conservatives already hated him) and made it difficult to rule. Alfaro thus had trouble getting his chosen successor, Emilio Estrada, elected in 1910. Death of Eloy Alfaro Alfaro rigged the 1910 elections to get Estrada elected but decided he would never keep hold of power, so he told him to resign. Meanwhile, military leaders overthrew Alfaro, ironically putting Estrada back in power. When Estrada died shortly thereafter, Carlos Freile took over the Presidency. Alfaro’s supporters and generals rebelled and Alfaro was called back from Panama to â€Å"mediate the crisis.† The government sent two generals—one of them, ironically, was Leonidas Plaza—to put down the rebellion and Alfaro was arrested. On January 28, 1912, an angry mob broke into the jail in Quito and shot Alfaro before dragging his body through the streets. Legacy of Eloy Alfaro In spite of his inglorious end at the hands of the people of Quito, Eloy Alfaro is remembered fondly by Ecuadorians as one of their better presidents. His face is on the 50-cent piece and important streets are named for him in nearly every major city. Alfaro was a true believer in the tenets of turn-of-the-century liberalism: the separation between church and state, freedom of religion, progress through industrialization, and more rights for workers and native Ecuadorians. His reforms did much to modernize the country: Ecuador was secularized during his tenure and the state took over education, marriages, deaths, etc. This led to a rise in nationalism as the people began to see themselves as Ecuadorians first and Catholics second. Alfaros most enduring legacy—and the one that most Ecuadorians today associate him with—is the railroad that linked the highlands and the coast. The railroad was a great boon to commerce and industry in the early twentieth century. Although the railroad has fallen into disrepair, parts of it are still intact and today tourists can ride trains through the scenic Ecuadorian Andes. Alfaro also granted rights to the poor and native Ecuadorians. He abolished debt passing from one generation to another and put an end to debtors prisons. Natives, who had traditionally been semi-enslaved in the highland haciendas, were freed, although this had more to do with freeing up the workforce to go where labor was needed and less to do with basic human rights. Alfaro had many weaknesses as well. He was an old-school dictator while in office and firmly believed at all times that only he knew what was right for the nation. His military removal of Lizardo Garcà ­a—who was ideologically indistinguishable from Alfaro—was all about who was in charge, not what was being accomplished, and it turned off many of his supporters. The factionalism among liberal leaders survived Alfaro and continued to plague subsequent presidents, who had to fight Alfaros ideological heirs at every turn. Alfaros time in office was marked by traditional Latin American ills such as political repression, electoral fraud, dictatorship, coup dà ©tats, rewritten constitutions, and regional favoritism. His tendency to take to the field backed by armed supporters every time he suffered a political setback also set a bad precedent for future Ecuadorian politics. His administration also came up short in areas such as voter rights and long-term industrialization. Sources Various Authors. Historia del Ecuador. Barcelona: Lexus Editores, S.A. 2010

Shipping and the Great Barrier Reef Essay - 4636 Words

Shipping and the Great Barrier Reef Australia’s Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is an unparalleled marine ecosystem that holds rank as one of the world’s most valuable natural wonders. The abundance of sea life offers both intrinsic and physical benefits, but unfortunately this extraordinary habitat is now threatened from several different angles. One of the greatest threats to the GBR is the presence of popular shipping routes which surround and penetrate the reef. These ships naturally pollute the GBR, but the severest danger lies in the possibility of wrecks spilling oil or other hazardous cargos. History offers many examples of shipwrecks with outcomes that could have been devastating although there has not yet been a major†¦show more content†¦In statistical terms, the GBR is a habitat for 400 coral species, 500 seaweed species, 4,000 mollusk species, 1,500 fish species, 20 sea snake species, six turtle and dugong species, and over 200 bird species. It is additionally visited by about 30 speci es of whales, dolphins, and porpoises. The GBR is vital to the survival of many of these species, such as the dugong, whose GBR population is one of the largest in the world. It is not surprising that such an extensive ecosystem was declared a World Heritage Area in 1981 by meeting all four of the natural heritage demands. These criteria involve geological representations of evolution, current biological and ecological processes, outstanding beauty, and considerable biodiversity (Chadwick and Storrie p.1-2, CRC p.1-2, Guynup p.22). Judging by such natural brilliance it is no wonder coral reefs are considered the â€Å"rainforests of the sea,† but the GBR furthermore offers many economic benefits to the humans that utilize it. Aside from the shipping industry, the GBR is also fundamental to Australia’s fishing and tourism industries. 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Data innovation

Question: Write an essay on Data innovation. Answer: Data innovation is a critical part of the modern economy since it enhances the quality, security and effectiveness in different segments of the economy. That is the same case in the human services. Nevertheless, the dispersion of IT in social insurance is moderate. As indicated by the most recent discoveries, the suppliers plan to build their level of interest in the same viewpoint. Moreover, the drivers of the same idea guaranteed to incorporate the quality and effectiveness pick up. That does not imply that the circumstance does not experience the ill effects of different difficulties. The primary hindrances in the field incorporate the expense and the usage. These frequently require a critical work process and social changes. Outstandingly, some different difficulties exist all the while. They incorporate installment approaches that grasp and compensate volume as opposed to quality and divided conveyance frameworks. In this manner, each partner ought to actualize the best methodol ogies to control the circumstance. Some of these techniques incorporate monetary motivations and additionally the extended endeavors to institutionalize records configurations and correspondence conventions to guarantee interoperability. In any case, the partners must consider whatever another approach that will empower further speculation because of the likelihood of unintended results. Data innovation demonstrates valuable in the Healthcare. It gives better approaches to the suppliers and the patient to get to and utilize wellbeing data. That likewise helps in enhancing the quality, security and additionally the effectiveness of social insurance. Notwithstanding the open deliberation, much stays unrevealed about the particular part of IT in social insurance (Or, Tao and Wang 2016). Once more, it is vital to decide the sorts of IT under application. Conveying quality social insurance requires suppliers and patients to incorporate complex data from a wide range of sources. That will build the capacity of the partners to get to and utilize the right data that worries the association. Once more, the framework makes it feasible for the patients to acquire data to help in dealing with their condition and to speak with the wellbeing framework. That adds to enhancing the proficiency and nature of consideration. The possibility to improve care makes extensive dissemination of IT satisfying. Furthermore, there is have to assess different systems for the usage of the significant approaches. There is a need to comprehend the sorts of IT applications that are helpful for enhancing care in various settings and additionally the circumstances that guarantees the achievement of the usage. The flow research demonstrates that there exist some better innovations to improve healthcare. In any case, the proof base for such research stays contract and could not substantiate in different occurrences. IT demonstrate valuable in social insurance since it helps in information accumulation, stockpiling, recovery and the electronic exchange of data through various means, for example, the utilization of messages among others (Sharma, Chandrasekaran, Boyer and McDermott 2016). Nevertheless, there is no clear comprehension of the above suggestions because of the absence of an exact definition and the volume of use. The degree of IT use varies in various social insurance settings. Indeed, drug stores propel like the application. Some different settings, for example, doctors fall behind in the utilization of IT ideas. Inside different home wellbeing, mechanical use permits patients to screen the vital signs from their home and convey results to the organization could expand the capacity to address an issue before the patient requires serious consideration. PC gadgets demonstrate helpful in the whole field. They finish documentation and in addition to catching the patient appraisal data. That builds the proficiency and gives more points of interest to parental figures. In addition, the utilization of the web demonstrates helpful to various purchasers inside the reason. The site enhances the accessibility of such data, which recreates to better administration conveyance inside the reason. The accessibility likewise reinforces the part in consideration choices that outcomes in the general accomplish ment of the association. The utilization of the web empowers the buyers to pick suppliers since it permits backup plans and other therapeutic consideration suppliers to post data on providers including the relative quality data. The innovation that applies to each doctor's facility contracts because of the techniques and rule that they require amid the execution procedure. For the most part, the part of dispersion is shared and most prominent in the regulatory and money related applications including tolerant enlistment, charging, and finance (Hsu et al. 2016). Some different areas, for example, clinical applications and electronic wellbeing records encounter a base dispersion. In addition, infrastructural advances decide the base that different strategies use in the usage. That goes a step higher to incorporate both diffused innovations, for example, messages and information transfers, and additionally those that are not evident, for instance, remote associations and voice acknowledgment. The PC framework accompanies some difficulties that can hurt the operations of the organization. It is judicious to introduce the best instruments that will guarantee the achievement of the whole approach. The utilization of the framework speculation demonstrates valuable in the same occasion. It keeps up secure data structures that will consent to the government security rules. The association ought to utilize the best techniques that protect the respectability and privacy of the data. Healing facilities ought to make more long contemplations while executing different approaches that identify with the utilization and incorporation of different IT strategies and standards. They ought to cook for both money related rate of profitability and the non-budgetary advantages they will get once they execute such methodologies. Eminently, the arrival on venture differs by the kind of the IT under thought. The advantages of any innovation add to their final execution. Case in point, the different advancements that compensation themselves have a tendency to diffuse contrasted with other that require many assets. From the studies that date to 1980, electronic charging, and also assert accommodation, creates a ton of pay that advantages the association. They diminish the expense of making bills and speeding repayment. In addition, the innovative viewpoints stay widespread in different perspectives and verging on each doctor's facility grasps them in their present usage. In the present century, clinics keep on implementing some different procedures that will guarantee an ultimate achievement of the association. The utilization of imaging gear produces income inside the association. That ensures the accomplishment of different areas since it facilitates patients care and various operations inside the office. Little studies give much understanding into the effect of IT on healing commercial facility execution. That is because the techniques could not strike back to the satisfaction of the particular divisions inside the association. One of the studies demonstrates helpful and traces that the level of interest in IT prompts expanded volume in non-benefit clinics. Once more, it lessens the length of stay in revenue driven healing centers. Further, the study places that the more drawn out the wellbeing IT speculation, the most noticeable the impact. The headway in innovation gives more advantages to the human services framework. The master frames use the progress in innovation to get to remote locales and additionally to provide specialized administrations that certified specialists could not give in such territories. The usage of voice acknowledgment programming inside such offices brings down the translation costs. The utilization of PACS lessens the securing and putting away cost for movi es since it spares radiology pictures, subsequently diminishing the workload among radiology staff. Besides, a portion of the innovative advantages may help different gatherings outside the reason. That will cook for the necessities of the whole group thus enhancing the prosperity and strength of different people. Case in point, healing centers that put resources into CPOE helps the public in some ways (Mamlin and Tierney 2016). That will keep an unfriendly medication occasion that brought about another healing facility confirmation. Consequently, the healing center may lose income from the maintained a strategic distance from affirmation and the buyer of the consideration picks up. In such an occurrence, the doctor's facility enhances the conveyance of administrations, which advances the soundness of the whole society. Shut frameworks are helpful in each human services setup. In such a case, the single substance serves as the backup plan and the supplier of consideration. That profits from wellbeing IT. That demonstrated an unmistakable clarification why different shut frameworks, for example, the staff model HMOs exist as innovative clients of IT. Healing facilities ought to consider some other non-monetary advantages while settling on IT speculation choices. They incorporated clinical efficiencies and enhanced quality, picture and open connection, and worker assurance. An emphasis on enhanced nature of social insurance by energized enthusiasm for CPOE and other drug store frameworks is useful for the entire process. A significant portion of these doctor's facilities demonstrated that they had critical drivers that empowered them to concentrate on better IT usage. The essential drivers incorporated the patient consideration and wellbeing that made it conceivable to receive the clinical IT. The information Technology has also caused a lot of risks in the business at the various aspect. Some of the risk that are associated is the breach of the security, in result from a malware or a virus in the system. (Or, Tao and Wang, 2016) This may be due to encrypted fi le data by a hacker on the system, without alert to the employees who may using an open network to the system. The hackers steals the information of the patient. In addition, the risk may be due to the failure of the system, or the loss of the data for the patients. These aspect have great effect on the business, more so if the patient knows it happened. They may result to suing of the organization for the breach of their confidentiality agreement and their private data. The business maintain and monitors the business on information technology by having a security plan in place. The plan consist of a backup monitoring tools, the IT monitoring tools, and a maintenance plan in which to cater for any vulnerabilities and the threat to the system. It is important to have security controls to prevent the breach of the data, which is always useful component in an organization. (Or, Tao and Wang, 2016) It is also important to establish a plan that follows various aspects like; the definition of the accessibility, the design of the system in relation to the requirement of the business, the implementation of the software or system, and frequent maintenance by the use of continues learning of the system for any upgrade and changes that may happen. Conclusion The current mechanical headways push doctor's facilities to put resources into IT. Nevertheless, there exist full scopes of dangers that influence the whole procedure and might prompt the disappointment of such methodologies. Different social insurance offices ought to devise the best systems that will guarantee the achievement of the system (Hwang, Lee and Shin 2016). The system appears to be unreasonable too. Along these lines, it is appropriate to think of the best arrangements that will grasp the survival of the errand. The methodology contends with different needs incorporating the advances with direct impact. In this report, it has sought to explain the importance of the information technology on the business. It has emphasized on the importance of the IT in the survival of any business, highlighting on benefits it brings to the business. The paper has also looked at the requirement of the implementation of the information system, on the cost, the design, the equipment, install ation and even the training of the staff on using the system. In addition, there was a need to look at the risk it brings to the business, and various ways of maintaining and monitoring on the IT. References Hsu, W.C., Lau, K.H.K., Huang, R., Ghiloni, S., Le, H., Gilroy, S., Abrahamson, M. and Moore, J., 2016. Utilization of a cloud-based diabetes management program for insulin initiation and titration enables collaborative decision making between healthcare providers and patients. Diabetes technology therapeutics. Hwang, Y., Lee, Y. and Shin, D.H., 2016. The role of goal awareness and information technology self-efficacy on job satisfaction of healthcare system users. Behaviour Information Technology, pp.1-11. Mamlin, B.W. and Tierney, W.M., 2016. The Promise of Information and Communication Technology in Healthcare: Extracting Value From the Chaos. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 351(1), pp.59-68. Or, C.K., Tao, D. and Wang, H., 2016. The effectiveness of the use of consumer health information technology in patients with heart failure: A meta-analysis and narrative review of randomized controlled trials. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, p.1357633X15625540. Sharma, L., Chandrasekaran, A., Boyer, K.K. and McDermott, C.M., 2016. The impact of Health Information Technology bundles on Hospital performance: An econometric study. Journal of Operations Management, 41, pp.25-41.

No Exit By Jean-Paul Sartre Essays - Ontology, Modernism

No Exit By Jean-Paul Sartre No Exit By Jean-Paul Sartre Sartre's most popular play is undoubtedly the one-act drama No Exit, which is a discussion of such familiar negative existentialist themes as bad faith, self-destruction, and the impossibility of interpersonal relationships. It is in this play that Sartre's famous line, Hell is other people, occurs. Although many nineteenth century philosophers developed the concepts of existentialism, it was Sartre who popularized it. His one act play, Huis Clos (Closed Doors) or No Exit, first produced in Paris in May, 1944, is the clearest example and metaphor for this philosophy. There are only four characters: the Valet, Garcin, Estelle, and Inez and the entire play takes place in a drawing room, Second Empire style, with a massive bronze ornament on the mantelpiece. Sartre begins his philosophy with the assertion that existence precedes essence. It contains three basic ideas: 1. L'?tre-en-soi (Being-in-itself), 2. L'?tre pour-soi (Being-for-itself), 3. L'?tre-pour-autrui (Being-for-others). Existence is the process wherein a thing becomes what it will be. It is through the process of existence that a person defines himself. Humans are condemned to be free that is, without the existence of an absolute god or a pre-existing universal definition, they are free to define themselves through their actions and choices. Such freedom, which is at the heart of human existence carries with it the burden of personal responsibility, because of this Sartre refers to it as a condemnation. Freedom is not freedom from, but is, freedom for. Existence is a process of becoming that projects into the future. One's existence is always a projection of possibilities to choose from. Thus, freedom is always a projection of future possibilities for possible action. Nothin gness lies at the heart of being and creates a yearning for fulfillment, nothingness is the origin of freedom and the origin of human existence. The lack of a pre-determined essence is the nothingness at the heart of being that drives the human to seek to define himself, such drive for the fulfillment of definition being the motor within existence. Man defines himself by the choices he has made. As there is no pre-determined essence every act of projection and choice is a defining and hence, essential, act. The responsibility for one's being and definition are one's responsibility. To be is to be responsible for what one is. This is the them of No Exit. Book Reports