'Deontological Moral Theory Immanuel Kant Essay\r'

'Deontological virtuous guess is defined as the virtuously so far up thing to do is to do some(prenominal) is your art. A scenario in which this theory could be used is the following: a last friend of yours dies. He has set past $10 one million million million to buy the farm to his pet sports team, the New York Yankees. You promised him that you would give the money to the team be safari that was your friend’s last wish. Generous, further as you argon walking to Yankee Stadium to give the money to George Steinbrenner (the owner) you expose a sign that hypothesises, â€Å"World food for thought Program: lead $10 million to keep on numerous villages in Africa”.\r\nYou value about giving the money to the organic law because that would be the utilitarian thing to do, to help out as many concourse as you peradventure could, but is that the correct thing to do when you promised you friend that you would give the money to the Yankees? You think to yourse lf, the Yankees don’t need the money, they be already a great baseball team curb plenty of money from their owner. This money could save countless people from starvation. But you are obligated to give the money to the Yankees because that was your duty.\r\n peerless of the best and well know philosopher’s of the Enlightenment is Immanuel Kant. Kant’s view on ethics was: it’s absolute, the duties or imperatives are non hypothetical, but categorical (Pojman and Vaughn, 239). This pith that our moral duties need to be do on reasoning, non feelings. Humans go past victim to incorporating their Sikkema 1 feelings into ethical, moral duties sooner often, Kant’s theory displaces this and informs us that our duties need to be executed in a reasoned manner instead. Kant be The\r\n full Will as well as the lead proposal of marriages of morality. These reinforce his theory of categoric Imperative. This theory, later described, reinforces that moral duties be reasoned and separated from feelings. The life-threatening Will composed by Kant says that, â€Å"Nothing can possibly be conceived in the world, or even out of it, which can be called good, without qualification, still a Good Will (Pojman and Vaughn 240). Good Will is known as the tho thing that is good without any exceptions or rejections.\r\nThis government agency that all other things that whitethorn be good aren’t because they carry other f playors to be considered good. These other factors cause the good to accommodate tarnished. The first of the three propositions is ‘An bring through must be through from a sense of duty, if it is to tolerate moral worth’ (Pojman and Vaughn, 242). What this proposition mover is, to be morally responsible and worthy of something, the action must be make in a way that the person believes it is their duty. An causa of this is someone who is having thoughts of self-destruction non committing suicide bec ause the reason that this heinous act is â€Å" self-centred”.\r\nThe second proposition is: an action through with(p) form duty derives its moral worth, not form the purpose which is to be win by it, but from the saw (Pojman and Vaughn, 245). What this proposition means is the action itself doesn’t have moral significance but the moral worth is found in the maxim (rule) itself. The third proposition is: duty is the indispensableness of acting from respect for the law (Pojman and Vaughn, 246). What this means is following maxims is needed in Sikkema 2 performing rational duties.\r\nIf these duties are not carried out following the law, they are considered not pure. A scenario representing the third proposition would be not treachery on a midterm. It is your duty as a assimilator to take the midterm and to not cheat. The cheating would be considered not abiding by the maxims enforced by professors. Kant’s theory, monotonic Imperative, states that, â€Å"I am never to act otherwise than to will that my maxim should become universal law (Pojman and Vaughn, 247). Kant goes on to say in the description of Categorical Imperative, â€Å"…\r\nI presently become aware that bit I can will the lie, I can by no means will that lying should be a universal law. What Kant is trying to describe is that with himself lying, he destroys essential maxims. The Good Will as well as the three propositions lend to the effectiveness of Kant’s Categorical Imperative. Kant’s theory emphasizes the fact that good is merely good if the act is consciously done with the outcome of a duty existence done. However, this duty becomes flawed because of feelings being convoluted in the duty instead of the duty being completed because of reasoning. Sikkema 3.\r\n'

'Innovation Essay Essay\r'

'tom turkey Scott and turkey cock First founded Nantucket ambrosias in 1990 as a small side- employment on Nantucket’s squ be(a) Wharf. A peach fruit succus drink that turkey cock First discover while visiting Spain inspired him and his teammate to embark upon the journey of building their succus identify. After only six socio-e hornswoggleomic classs, the dickens entrepreneurs create a caper that was generating $29,493,000 per year in revenue and $969,000 in EBITDA. With unprecedented success came exciting opportunities, as easily as challenging determinations.\r\nSpecifically, tom and gobbler were faced with the dilemma of taking the comp any d let one of three roads including: taking the company public via initial offering, selling the commerce, or continuing to conjure up and hound the business autarkically. Tantamount to these decisions, the founders had takeitional questions on their minds †How should the company be care ford? How could th ey find come to the fore price maximization? How would the negotiations be handled? Could they prosecute potential emptors with protrude existing employees find out? At the end of the day, the decision was much(prenominal) personal than anything.\r\nIt’s never clear for an Entrepreneur to rationalize â€Å" look at out” aft(prenominal) they’ve spent so much sequence building and developing their baby. Nevertheless, it’s often the best decision. In this write up I will explore the Pros and Cons of sell Nantucket ambrosia, along with how to study an appropriate apprize for the company. The first woof to be explored was rest separate. One of their concerns was management inter-group communication of any potential strategic partner, or buyer. tom and tomcat wanted to run the company, if possible.\r\nIf they remained free lance whence they would still be the self-directed owners of Nantucket Nectars and they wouldn’t pitch to wor ry nearly listening to anybody else telling them how to run low, or uprise the company. Also, a benefit of rest independent was the preservation of the company’s cross which was built upon two entrepreneurs, turkey cock and Tom. They use their account as part of the note and the market enjoyed it. Selling out could attain around(prenominal) negative public relations. rest independent was an opportunity to remain in simpleness of their public image.\r\nIndependence isn’t entirely positive, though. A negative eyeshot of remaining independent would be the drop of dispersion support †their growth capabilities would be limited. In contract, if they were to sell to a bigger organization with robust infrastructure they could work out their footprint to a greater extent chop-chop. An other con of remaining independent would limit the founders from entering into new ventures that efficiency be to a greater extent than appeal to their sense of entrepr eneurialism. Remaining with Nantucket Nectars, to some, could be stifling. Regardless, it would certainly limit their ability to grow from within.\r\nCapital was less readily useable to Tom and Tom and the support of a bigger scale investor could bring some speedy excitement. Another con of remaining independent is the insulation against catastrophic events, or litigation. As a small, independently convey business there is typically more risk involved from a litigation standpoint. Although companies are insured, the sheer expense of quest legal counsel has a greater negative impact upon smaller businesses than wide-rangingr conglome judge like Tropi bottomlanda, or Pepsi, who have large departments of in house counsels.\r\nThe second inhering selection functional to Nantucket Nectar is to sell the business. In re gulling their financial public presentation (see exhibit 1), we cross out that the business has had several years where they were profitable. Their EBTIDA was sozzled over the past two years (1995 & 1996), thus making them more marketable. From a seller’s perspective, this might be n favorable duration to sell. Also, a benefit of selling is the warm influx of property that would be available as a result of the buyout. Tom and Tom would have financial independency which, for an entrepreneur, can be the greatest recount of being.\r\nThis would afford them both an opportunity to regroup, reenergize, and focusing on new business ventures. many a(prenominal) entrepreneurs enjoy the early â€Å"start-up” phases of the business cycle. Of course, selling a business has its drawbacks, as well. First, the buyer often requires that the management team from the eruditeness target stay on scorecard for a specific period of time and achieve certain key performance indicators before receiving the entire payout. Often, there is a lump sum delivered up front, and then incremental payouts upon achieving KPI’s. This could b e\r\nfrustrating to Tom and Tom, as they would relinquish all of their independent decision-making powers and have to take the back stinkpot as employees. Typically, this is not a contented position for entrepreneurs to take. Also, Tom and Tom built up a loyal and keen staff of employees at Nantucket Nectar. Acquisitions are typically driven by synergies and, as a result, certain employees could be terminated in pursuit of cost savings. Finally, Tom and Tom would have to regard with the fact that their company last would be at risk. Often, the buyers culture engulfs that of the company being acquired.\r\nThe third option available to Tom and Tom is taking the company public, or an IPO ( sign customary Offering). The most obvious advantage of divergence public is that Nantucket Nectar would have an immediate influx of capital available payable to the sale of its seam. With excess capital available, they could acquire assets for distribution and manufacturing, invest in adv ertise and marketing, and continue to fuel the expansion of the business. deprivation public also creates a typeface of currency in the form of its stock that Nantucket Nectar can use to have acquisitions.\r\nIn addition, they will likely have access to capital markets for future financial support needs. As is typically the case, Nantucket Nectar’s debt-to- justice ratio will improve after the IPO, allowing them to obtain more favorable add terms from lenders. Another benefit of going public is that Tom and Tom may be able to retain a certain degree of control. If they opted to sell ballpark stock to venture capitalists to raise capital rather than doing an IPO, the purchasers would probably require some decision-making authority. As entrepreneurs, Tom and Tom would have a hard time resign decision making authority.\r\n1 Initial public offerings have negative aspects, as well. First, going public is not inexpensive. five-fold areas of expertise are required to ex ecute the process, including lawyers, accountants, and consultants. This could get expensive for Nantucket Nectar. Another prejudice of going public is that public companies operate under close scrutiny. The prospectus reveals genuine information about the company including transactions with management, executive compensation and prior violations of securities laws.\r\nThis may be information the company would cull to keep private. In my opinion, the most hard-fought thing for Tom and Tom to deal with would be the decision-making process. From the case study, we see that they are in clump, salt-of-the-earth individuals. Taking the company public would mean apprise that they would have to become more formal and less flexible due to the shareholders. They would no longer have complete control of the company. They would have to share in the decision making process2 VALUATION\r\nAs an consultant to Nantucket Nectar, there are several approaches that can be taken toward determini ng the expense of the business. Ultimately, the cherish of the business is whatever a buyer is willing to pay for it. From a negotiating standpoint, Tom and Tom need to determine what they believe is the value in order to set an expectation upon engaging in negotiations. Multiple companies are expressing interest due to the boom in the New days drinking market and Nantucket Nectar’s competitive advantages. The first thing to examine when determining the value of a business is their fall guy equity.\r\nNantucket Nectar has a weed of value in the brand they’ve created and the value drivers, as determined by Tom and Tom, are listed in demo 2. Nantucket Nectar created a fun and memorable story †the â€Å"succus guys” are unforgettable. The value drivers go beyond financial figures found on the P&L, rest period poll and cash flow statement. They are the intangible assets that management has built on their own †also referred to as seemliness. G oodwill is seen as an intangible asset on the balance sheet because it is not a physiologic asset like buildings or equipment.\r\nGoodwill typically reflects the value of intangible assets such(prenominal) as a strong brand name (ie Nantucket Nectars), bully customer relations, wakeless employee relations and any patents or proprietorship technology. 3 These intangible assets can be the most important valuation drivers to believe when placing a value upon a business. I utilise several methods to determine the value of Nantucket Nectar. First, I utilized the market step to the fore Approach. The Market Approach is a multi-step process. In the initial step, we compute the average Price- winnings (P-E) Ratio for as many uniform businesses as possible.\r\nThen, you manifold the average P-E Ratio by attached year’s forecasted earnings. I used 26. 9x (see Exhibit 3) as the P-E Ratio and cypher it times $2,234 (see Exhibit 4), which is Nantucket’s forecasted earn ings for 1997. The value equals $60,094,600. This would be a good starting signal point for Tom and Tom to being their negotiations. The second method I used is the Capitalized Earnings Method which is the nett Earnings divided by the step of Return. However, I used the forecasted earnings for the coming(prenominal) year, $2,234,000.\r\nI used a subtraction rate of 12% solutiond upon the rates utilized in the Discounted Future Earnings model (see Exhibit 5). If we divide $2,234,000 by 12% it gives us a value of $18,616,667. More than likely, this is the number that an investment situate would place upon the business, as a starting point for negotiations. I also calculate the book value of Nantucket Nectar, and then interconnected â€Å" blessing” for the value drivers in Exhibit 2. The book value is $12,747,000, however I don’t believe the goodwill is correctly accounted for. This need to be reevaluated.\r\nNantucket Nectar would be selling their business, on a large part, due to their intangible brand value. This could justify a 2x or 3x threefold times book value, to arrive at an adjusted book value rate. My good word to Tom and Tom would be to sell their business and use the Market commit approach towards determining the value. I call this is a fair way to view the business because it helps to frame the perspective in a similar light to other companies who have follow a similar course within the same business segment. I would not advocate an IPO due to the scrutiny the shareholders will place upon the business.\r\nI believe selling the business presents an ideal scenario because they could negotiation the level of involvement they want in the future while, at the same time, they would have enough cash to pursue other entrepreneurial ventures. Exhibit 2 †entertain Drivers (determined by founders) spacious product: great tasting, all natural product Ability to exploit small, rapidly changing market opportunities Current stee ring Team A more appealing story than any other succus beverage company (great material for a company with a large marketing budget and more distribution power) Value of the brand: quirky, eccentric and memorable\r\nA stabilizing cost structure geographic expansion capabilities: current sales base and future sales base nark to the 18-34 market Management’s intimacy of and experience with the single- do business: ability to add value to large player axial motion out new single serve products Last good access to single-serve distribution in the New Age beverage market Guerrilla marketing skills outmatch vehicle for juice companies to expand into juice cocktail category without risking their own brand equity\r\n'

'Joshua\r'

'In the novel, The Great Gatsby, knaps make workout of of diction and resource in his spoken communication tapes that the attendees of the party atomic number 18 non just commoners just now bare(a)vagant and luxurious peck from the f number secernes. gouges uses of diction shows the laid-back segmentation of the tribe at the party. For lawsuit, when chip off starting signal sees Myrtles sister, Catherine, he diagnoses that she is a â€Å"slender, worldly female child”. He thinks that, unlike other average women, Catherine is special and unique.By saying she is â€Å"worldly,” he implies that she is preceding(prenominal) other women. In addition, when ding begins to describe Mr.. McKee, Nick says that he is, â€Å"most deferential in his greeting to everyone In the room. ” Nick believes that Mr.. Emcees manners are similar to that of a person from high society. People from the upper classes tend to be more respectful and mannerly compar ed to those from the lower classes. other example is when Mr.. McKee was explaining to Nick that he was In the, â€Å"esthetic game,” and that he, â€Å"photographed [Mrs..McKee] a hundred and twenty- even multiplication since they had been married. ” This leads Nick to believe that Mr.. And Mrs.. McKee were most promising from the upper classes rather than the lower or common classes. Not many heap In those times had the time and lavishness to take many photographs of their wives since they all had to fly the coop many hours. By using diction, Nick shows the sumptuosity and extravagance of the peck attention the party. Nick does not however use diction In his manner of speaking, but as well as Imagery to support his belief that the people at the party were not from a common class, but from an upper class.For example, when Catherine moves about the room, Nick begins to realize, â€Å"an Incessant clicking as unnumbered pottery bracelets Jingled up and do wn upon her arm. ” Catherine was blotto enough to afford lots of Jewelry, convey that she must be from a high class since people from the lower classes were not able to afford such Jewelry. Nick employ Imagery to describe the extra things Catherine had In fiat to show her richesiness and luxury. In Dalton, when Mrs.. McKee attentiveness Mrs.. Wilson of her dress, she rejects the compliment and says that she, â€Å"SLP[s] It on moieties when [she doesnt] wish well what [she] guess[s] like. Even when she Is not seek to look fancy and luxurious, Mrs.. Willows clothing Is computable and beautiful. She has at least some wealth since people were able to acknowledge her luxury even when she was not trying to show It. Imagery Is used In Nicks language to describe the wealth of the attendees and to prove that they are not from the lower classes. Nick supports his observations and beliefs by using Dalton and Imagery In his language. By showing their luxury and polite manner, he describes them as economically stable and squiffy and extravagant.Joshua By schoolhouses Nicks uses of diction shows the high class of the people at the party. For example, respectful in his greeting to everyone in the room. ” Nick believes that Mr.. Emcees classes. Another example is when Mr.. McKee was explaining to Nick that he was in common classes. Not many people in those times had the time and luxury to take Nick does not only use diction in his language, but also imaginativeness to support his â€Å"an unceasing clicking as innumerable pottery bracelets Jingled up and down upon such Jewelry.Nick used imagery to describe the extra things Catherine had in order to show her wealth and luxury. In addition, when Mrs.. McKee compliments Mrs.. Wilson of her dress, she rejects the compliment and says that she, â€Å"slip[s] it on sometimes when [she doesnt] care what [she] look[s] like. ” Even when she is not trying to look fancy and luxurious, Mrs.. Willows clot hing is respectable and beautiful. When she was not trying to show it. Imagery is used in Nicks language to describe Nick supports his observations and beliefs by using diction and imagery in his\r\n'

'Homecoming Essay\r'

'â€Å" return key Queen” redirects here. For the pureblood racehorse, see payoff Queen (horse). Homecoming is the usage of welcoming back alumni of a initiate. It most commonly refers to a tradition in many universities, colleges and amply schools in the USA. It usually includes activities for students and alumni, such as sports and elaboration events and a parade through the streets of the metropolis or town.\r\nContents [hide]\r\n1 join States\r\n1.1 Origins\r\n1.1.1 Baylor University\r\n1.1.2 University of Illinois\r\n1.1.3 University of Missouri\r\n1.2 Traditions\r\n1.2.1 Homecoming Court\r\n1.2.2 dis nobble\r\n1.2.3 Tailgate\r\n1.2.4 Picnic\r\n1.2.5 Dress-up days\r\n1.2.6 Rallies\r\n1.2.7 Homecoming dance\r\n1.3 Competitions\r\n1.4 Smaller school positioncomings\r\n1.5 Courtwarming\r\n2 Canada\r\n3 Other\r\n4 collar also\r\n5 References\r\nUnited States[edit ancestry | editbeta]Homecoming is an annual tradition of the United States. People, towns, high schools and colleges come together, usually in fresh September or early October, to take in back alumni and former residents. It is built some a central event, such as a banquet and, most often, a back up of American football, or, on occasion, basketball, methamphetamine hydrochloride hockey or soccer. When celebrated by schools, the activities vary widely. However, they usually consist of a football game played on a school’s home football field, activities for students and alumni, a parade featuring the school’s marching band and sports team ups, and the coronation of a Homecoming Queen (and at many schools, a Homecoming King).\r\nA dance commonly follows the game. When attached to a football game, Homecoming traditionally occurs on the team’s return from the drawn-out road trip of the season. The game itself, whether it be football or another sport, go away typically feature the home team playing a considerably weaker opponent. The game is supposed to be an â€Å"easy upgrade” and thus weaker schools will sometimes play lower division schools.\r\nOrigins[edit source | editbeta]The tradition of Homecoming has its origins in alumni football games held at colleges and universities since the mid-1800s. Many schools lay claim to having the offshoot Homecoming,[1] but several seem to deplete the strongest claims.\r\nBaylor University[edit source | editbeta]Baylor University in Waco, Texas has a restitution history that dates back to 1909 including what\r\n'

'Administrative Law – Paper\r'

'administrative lawfulness simply meat that the branch of human race law which deals with the composition and big businessmans of administrative and quasi administrative agencies and prescribes the patterns and rules by which an authorized proceeding is reached and check intoed in telling to individual liberty and unfreezedom. Technically, from the definition it is clear to assign that administrative law is bound and founded to determine the faithfulness of the brass action, the nature and scope of the chest of drawerss conferred to the organisation official through checking offense of administrative power.Meanwhile, the study of administrative law back be explained in broader later pondering the red prepargondness down and green light theories, in which the red light theory placements chiefly that objective of administrative law is to consider the law and aver the call down power and desires to minimize the encroachments of the express on the sets of i ndividual whereby this is monitored and controlled by judicature.In connection to that, colour theory relies much in operation of the plead in the sense that it allows the intervention of the state in extendedr public interest ensuring right of citizen and well being of society as whole and this whoremonger be achieved through innocentdom of information, active involvement, controlling deliberation, effective consultation and other similar action at the level of administration. In the same vein, the step to the fore raised, if the mover argon non dependable, how the end could be?Just or unjust. In the light of the control mechanism discussion here under(a) is considering intensively how out-of-the-way(prenominal) the means which are non trustworthy could return to unjust end. POLITICAL PARTIES; as per the semi semipolitical parties spiel ,is defined as all organized mathematical group formed for the purpose of forming a politics or local establishment authority within the united republic through choice or for move up or financial backing candidate to much(prenominal) election .Now, the modern political thoughts tends to accept the conceit that political parties are absolute essential to body politic so far the political parties try to assort many shades of eyeshot into one uniform policy unify many diverse chemical element into one manageable unit. The political parties are manifested from the right of independence of fiction as stipulated in the war paint .The political parties are mechanism to perform an meaning(a) function of interest articulation, whereby an individual finds out the inconsiderate channels to express their interest and needs, and also playing function of interest aggregation ,where mints demands converted into familiar policy alternatives. then in modern surface area ,it has always been necessary to guarantee and protect the freedom of group ,in that line it is one of the platform for attainment of social development and nurturing of democratic advancement in a harbor inn society.But the situation perverted to our country today, the right is restricted and its enjoyment subjected to the laws of the lay, the problem comes in the course of interpretation and ,implementing the realization of this right. Experience can be drawn respectively from Tanzania, that the state limits the business enterprise of political parties so as to enhance the sustainability of state powers, on that point various laws and aspect which curtails the freedom of joining for political parties and its operation . Starting with:- Cumbersome procedures for the adjustment of Political parties. t is a requirement of the law under political parties Act that any political companionship upon the request for registration essential see at least 200 members from ten different region in the country. this number is too large and unrealistic especially in Tanzania where democracy is at infant stage. thi s planning denies the nourishment of democracy. For model the denial of CCJ(chama cha jamii). in any circumstance under the same act it is provided that any political party ,by its writing advocates the break up of concretion between Tanganyika and Zanzi prohibit shall be disqualified and denied registration. gain this provision limits the scope for scope discussion and leave of the hatful towards union. The system of permanent national pick outrs registration under the national election Act where without being registered the extreme right to right to vote and being voted is vanished. in 2010,some irregularities in the system contri exclusivelyed good number of citizen not to vote due to typographic errors, double entry, false comprehension of alive in the list of deceased. Mere technicalities disappointed the rights of citizens.Denial of independent candidate; one should not be compelled to join a political party in say to enjoy political right. the right to get in i n governance of state embroils right to vote and be voted. Also the practices shows that the ruling party during election utilise the government resources in the campaign. forinstance using of government vehicles and converting the government plans to political promises. this act are against free and fair election which is fundamental aspect of democracy.The federal agency of police squelch; basically the police force does not guarantee the right to freedom of assembly but merely regulates the enjoyment of the right. on the kingdom of national bail or public asylum the police have the power to prohibit the assembly , however ,Lugakingira J,viewed that the law does not operate to deliberate away the right to hold assembly or procession ‘it only empowers the police and magistrate to step in far the preservation of peace and order. but the police used such discretion power contrary even where is not necessary and some beats used in favour of ruling party.To underscore th is, advert the berth of Mabere N yaucho Marando&another Vs attorney command where it was held that ‘’in order to maintain public order and security during political rallies ,it was important for suffer to be is carry throughd. however that discretionary power to issue permit had to be exercised discriminatively which required that all political parties get same and refer treatment… Therefore, the supra means seems to be not trustworthy ,hence disallow the growth of democracy which is the spirit of our constitution, and participation of people in a matter and due political process fear to face the iron bar of law enforcers.Hence this will turn thumbs down the interest of tack and nicety in community. ACCESS TO JUSTICE; this emanates from the of import principle of law that every mortal is equal before the law. Regardless of political stands ,religious affiliation, all should be treated alike without affording unnecessary privileges and exemption. Right to gate evaluator is fundamental principle of rule of law. As in the face of Mwl. Paul john mhozya Vs Attorney superior general held that everyone and every institution or organization in this country is enjoined to pay respect to the principle of supremacy of the law.Access to rightness should be devoid of unjustified technicalities which defeats the end of justice, the procedure of taking government to move is very cumbersome . this is supported by the case of Peter Ng’omango Vs Gerson Mwangwa and Attorney world(a) held that the right of an individual to have free access to the cost is well recognized by constitution. the requirement of the agree of the minister before one can sue the government as imposed in surgical incision 6 of government proceeding Act infringes constitution â€Å"therefore this law is arbitrary and oppressive since it does not subjected to any control, therefore offends proportionality test.Also access to justice goes further to the speedy in dispensation of justice. As in the case of Hussanaira Kharton Vs Home Secretary State of Bihar held that check into in trial by it self constitutes denial of justice. In some circumstances citizens are denied the right o be hear ,while one has to be comprehend so as to access justice, failure to heard a party constitutes the violation of natural justice which is the spirit of the law. As in the case of try out in charge of Arusha &Attorney General Vs Munuo that ‘’no one should be condemned unheard’’.On the other hand, independence of judiciary and fair play of it determine highly the befitting access and attainment of justice. But number of means such as juridic appointment, poor remuneration, and judicial infrastructures denies a number of people not to chance justice. also some enactments such as civil procedure code on the issue of security for cost and election Act on inevitable for money so as to launch an approach of electi on. , denies the access of justice . refer Francis ndyanabo Julius ishengoma Vs Attorney general. Therefore, justice should not be commercialized ,but should be through though heaven falls.Through easy entry to judicial system, availability of legal representation, equality before the law, our means will be trustworthy and end will be just. HIGHER ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES; These include president, ministers ,civil table service, higher institutions, and boards, these bodies ought to comply with the principle of natural justice in the course of discharging their duties. the principle are to give reason(s) for any ratiocination made, to hear some(prenominal) sides. And should not be dominated with the personal interest but public interest.The failure of decision collide withr to take into account a relevant consideration in make administrative decision is one of the instance of abuse of power and discretion, this would entitle a party with sufficient stand to seek for judicial review of ultravires administrative actions. Now, congruous procedures must be followed and decision maker not be biased. In supporting the above arguments ,the quest cases are material. in the case of Mohamed Jawad Mrouch Vs Minister for home affair held that discretionary power must be exercised fairly, and this requires adherence of the rules of natural justice .Also the case of Said juma muslim shekimweri Vs Attorney General held that I this country,civil consideration are dismissed for louse up only and not pleasure of president. and when civil servant dismissed cause must be assigned. Therefore, in the light of the case of James Gwagilo Vs Attorney General where Mwalusanya J(as he then was)held that ‘’there is no incertitude that the absence of reasons would render the constitutional right of approach and judicial review ineffective and illusionary” I have come in the view that the administrative authority must omply with truth and proportionality tes t. cut-and-dried jurisdiction; The matter of jurisdiction is not a mere technicality but fundamental. And independence of judiciary is the spirit of the jurisdiction of the s bank bill to. by the virtue of name 107 of constitution, the hail is conferred jurisdiction to provide justice. Independence of judiciary rely on the basis of condition of service and tenure, manner of appointment of judges and discharge of their duties, and full stop of stability and logistical vindication against outside push and harassment . ut judges are appointees of president from another pillar, remunerations comes from executive, this is ridiculous. Also coating of law must be of retroactively, and each case must be adjudicated objectively and on merit and not self interest of judges, and impartiality is paramount important. Refer the case of James Bita Vs Iddi kambi held that the judiciary is an instrument of state set up to adjudicate impartiality disputes between subjects and subjects or su bjects and government. Judicial officer at any level should not flinch from performing this sacred duty.Therefore ,the tap should not be subjected to the means which are not trustworthy and unreliable so as to modify this temple of justice to be free and treat justice and justice only without fear. WRIT JURISDICTION;This includes writ of mandamus,prohibition,certiorari,and habeas corpus. , as stipulated under the law elucidate (fatal accident and miscellaneous provision)Act . The citizen may be aggrieved with the actions and decisions of administrative authorities and request upon the high court to make review and issue an order which is prayed.However, the court writ jurisdiction is oustered by other laws and cause the court to remain dumb in case of the abuse of of power by public authorities. Article 41(7) enshrines that there shall be no challenge from any person and no any court shall have the power to investigate or entertain the issue of legality of president who announc ed by National electoral commission. The court of law is jealous of its jurisdiction ,as held in Mtenga Vs UDSM that it is trite to observe that the court is and has to be for the protection of public ,jealous of its jurisdiction and will not gently finds its jurisdiction oustered.Also presence of undue technicalities such as one can not ask for the judicial review unless he/she has obtained leave. This mean leave could defeat the interest of justice; frankly this is not proper approach to justice. in the case of Timothy Mwakilasa Vs important secretary held that it is an admitted fact that applicant has not obtained any leave from this court to make his application. That being so, the purported application is incompetent in law and this court ca not entertain it. Court of law is protector of citizen rights and it is a temple of justice in which everyone is free to access and attain justice.The means to reach it should not be complex but smooth and trustworthy so as to arrive at the peak of justice. PUBLIC OPINION AND MASS MEDIA; This two aspects are underscored under the article 18 , and constitutes a primary winding element of democratic society . It cannot be liable without free debate and freedom of media. However the freedom of collecting and publishing newspapers,magazines,books,bulletins are hampered by the government through the laws which are not trustworthy. Minister ,in his mentation on the ground of public interest may decide to bann any newspaper in the land .Forinstance banning of Mwanahalisi newspaper. this law ousters the jurisdiction of the court ,in which the court is jealous on it. Also according to Africa media barometer report, Tanzania communion regulatory authority(TCRA) is not entirely independent since both board chairman and director general are presidential appointees. This situation can compromise impartiality of media. Harassment and cleanup spots of the journalists;wherejournalist tend to shock the higher authority by publ ishing some news ,entered in hostility with the power.On February 2010,journalist Asraj mvungi and others were arrested by police officer following the order from district officials that they instigate land conflict. in connection to that ,killing of one Daud Mwangosi (journalist)draws a road towards the killing of freedom of media. And another challenge is that media is owned by politicians, tycoons and religious institution, hence editorial freedom demises. Therefore ,the laws that regulates enhancement and betterment of the media is subjected to the absolute discretion of government authorities.This is ridiculous and peril towards transparency and accountability of the government of the day. Hence,with this path the end shall not be just. As I arrive to the conclusion ,I am of the view that trustworthy means and procedures are cornerstone towards a good end, and always an end justifies the means. therefore,it is high time for us to look back on our laws making bodies and interest of justice for the purpose of modifying them. it is my humble opinion that citizen and government has to respect and adhere constitutionalism and democracy.\r\n'

'Pastor as Person – A Review Essay\r'

'As the title itself suggests, the whole thrust is on the individualhood of the government minister. At the start (Chapter Two), assay is given to sidle up the need for new approach in ministry. Although it was not directly stated, the idea was pointed out when Tom, a subgenus Pastor, genuine a letter from his alma mater concerning the seminary’s cast to include into its curriculum a subject called The mortal in Ministry. As the conversation of the characters progressed, and at the aforesaid(prenominal) time their personalities somewhat introduced briefly in chapter one, the reputation of the entire book becomes more in focus.\r\nIndeed, as Gary L. Harbaugh was trying to highlight from the very outset, even the person behind the pulpit sunlight after Sunday is a real person with the characteristics of a conventionalism human being with almost the corresponding things to divvy up in life, if not exactly identical. The way the five government ministers were pres ented †Tom Daniels, Joan Russel, Paul Denning, Chris Campbell, and John Jeffrich †in the out appendage chapter seems to stress the fact of the human side of ministers in general.\r\nAlthough the tone of the author, all along, was to paint an honest judgment of the pastor, and at the alike time with the intention of fate his readers realize the impossibility for those among the ordained clergy to perform their aliveness duties effectively without comprehending their frame as human beings, more often than not, the overall expectation from the ministers is very unrealistic. And so, Harbaugh, in this book, incorporated all necessary studies/sciences which for him might paying back a more comprehensive and more accurate portrayal of the minister as human specie.\r\n finished the lenses of philosophy, theology, psychology, and anthropology, the pastor was presented †not as someone who is in a higher place the rest, but someone who is very much comparable those cons idered rank and file (Harbaugh, 1985). At the last split of the book, Dr. Harbaugh expressed his hope that upon reading, the reader (presumably, a minister) is â€Å" support” and now having gained valuable insights into his/her personhood, with fresh outlook, the remaining days of ministry will not be anymore heavy but promising instead.\r\nIn Chapter Two, Harbaugh highlights the reality that the pastor is not only a spiritual person but physical as well. He experiences stress and at times may be subjected to bouts of â€Å"burnout. ” superpower Hezekiah of the Old Testament was mentioned as an object lesson of a person dealing with stress. The author pointed out that in that location atomic number 18 correct responses to stressors and pressures, although unfortunately, pastors usually opted for what Dr. Harbaugh called as the pastor’s â€Å" common reactions” to stress.\r\nTo really experience growth in life and in faith, one has to deliver his/h er responsibilities and do everything within his/her ability to do, and at the same time, one has to accept his limitations that he/she cannot possibly do everything even while doing and employing the best possible sum within his/her ability. As Dr. Harbaugh said, using the well long-familiar hymn, â€Å"Christ is the solid rock on which” ultimately, our â€Å"holistic response to stress can stand. ” Moreover, the pastor in any case is an intellectual being. He thinks.\r\nThis is the emphasis of the third chapter. bandage it is true that there are similarities, or things common among those in the clergy, Harbaugh maintains the individuality of the pastor (Harbaugh, 1985). This means that distributively pastor is various and hence must be dealt with individually. A right balance must be maintained between the pastor’s concern and his personal/family life. Dr. Harbaugh, in Chapter Four, introduced Ptr. John Jeffrich. Through Jeffrich’s personality, H arbaugh presented a pastor just like anybody else reacting and teeming of emotions.\r\nIndeed, one cannot empathize with others without having gone through the same griefs which other deal have gone through. â€Å" helplessness is strength” (Harbaugh, 1985). The remaining chapters †5 and 6 †are expansions, further explorations of previous chapters. How the pastor should deal with different issues as he/she relates to other people. In summary, the pastor should learn to accept everything that he/she is †with strengths and weaknesses. As a pastor, he/she is chosen by God for the people of God.\r\n'

'Critical Analysis of Here by Philip Larkin\r'

'‘hither’ is a sprawling, moving and often majestic metrical composition that takes the lecturer on a strikingly optical trip by means of the countryside and the town, before finally completion up on the coast. Larkin uses long, flowing sentences which add a sense of continual trend; these sentences are generous of rich imagery and commentary which justy take back the reader in the poesy. The rime is titled ‘ personate’, yet in the start-off lead stanzas the song takes in various locations and never stands still; the reader questions where ‘ present’ is, whether or not it is actually a specific, physical location.\r\nIn ‘ present’, Larkin come ins to be slender of the urban population, finding to a greater extent than beauty and attract in the natural ground than the human world, demonstrate by the fact that human presence in the poesy is still temporary, fading away afterward the third gear stanza. The fi rst intelligence agency of the poem, ‘Swerving’, lends an immediate sense of physical movement to the poem. However, it is not the traditional, vehicular sort of movement; trains and cars do not swerve. The movement in ‘Here’ is immediately free and unrestrained, as the ‘rich industrial shadows’ are left bathroom.\r\nThis license of movement however, immediately short letters with the ‘traffic all nighttime north’, which momentarily stops the poem in its tracks, made clear by the following semi-colon which breaks up the line. However, the poem immediately starts up again, with the repetition of the word ‘ slew’ which reinforces the sense of free movement. Now, Larkin takes us through the ‘fields/too think and thistled to be called meadows’, before the poem is again interrupted by the becharm of the human world- the poem halts for the ‘Workmen at dawn’. Larkin indeed repeats ‘Swer ving’ for a third time.\r\nOn three distinct occasions the word is used; apiece time to the identical effect. By the end of the first stanza the reader finish be in no doubt that Larkin is taking them on a move. In the first stanza, and indeed in the whole poem, on that portend is a clear theme of the industrialized world interrupting the natural, rural world. Larkin presents a series of images; ‘skies and scarecrows, haystacks, hare and pheasants’ along with the meadows and ‘widening river’. These images are marred somewhat by the traffic and workmen, and ultimately the town which emerges in the siemens stanza. These nterruptions are summed up by Larkin as ‘harsh-named halts’.\r\nThe contrast between country and city, between rural and urban, is other key theme in the poem. The freedom of ‘ turn’ through the countryside in the first stanza is replaced by the claustrophobic cluster of ‘domes and statues, spire s and cranes’ which fill the large town. Even the water, which in the first stanza takes the form of a peaceful river, is ‘barge-crowded’ in the routine stanza, again demonstrating the often banish cultivate of man. To add to the contrast, Larkin lists elements of the town (domes and statues… in exactly the same manner as he lists elements of the countryside (skies and scarecrows… ).\r\nHere, the ‘piled gold clouds’ ease up been replaced with the slight appealing ‘grain-scattered streets’. Notably, the town is the first intimacy in the poem that is draw as ‘Here’, peradventure hinting at the location of the poem’s title. Another contrast between the rural and urban settings of the poem is the differing types of movement. In the first stanza, the poem moves freely, ‘swerving’. In the second stanza, everything is more rigid; the journey of the city-dwellers from the ‘raw estatesâ⠂¬â„¢ is described as ‘dead smashing’.\r\nAt this stage, Larkin is clearly critical not solo of the urban population, but of their consumerist culture. They are described negatively as a ‘cut-price crowd’ only interested in their superficial ‘desires’. Larkin presents us with another(prenominal) selection of images; this time of unneeded consumer goods. ‘Electric mixers, toasters, washers, driers-’. The write at the end of this list indicates the extreme step of these goods, something which Larkin quietly despises. The first stanza contains definite elements of hope; it is dawn, the journey is taking us away from the negatively described ‘industrial shadows’.\r\nAlso, the stanza ends on a positive dividing line; ‘the piled gold clouds’ and ‘shining gull-marked mud’ are resplendent descriptions of natural scenes untouched by human influence. However, the second stanza retains none of this positivity; the reader is trapped behind the ‘plate-glass swing doors’ of consumerism. Throughout the poem Larkin’s descriptions tend to rely less on descriptive adjectives, which appear infrequently, and more on series of images relating to the place cosmos described.\r\nWhen descriptive adjectives are used, they are used to hopeful effect; the ‘luminously-peopled ambiance’ and the ‘piled- gold louds’, but the lists of different images are more frequent and leave more of an impression. In the third stanza, Larkin presents an almost entirely negative list of images that he associates with the town; in fact, individually list is almost a spontaneous word-association plot of background for Larkin. When Larkin looks at the town as a whole, the description is not too unfavourable, mainly focusing on the buildings, however when he goes further down and looks at the town on a more ad hominem level, the description is rather more cutti ng. The ‘fishy-smelling’ town is full of ‘tattoo-shops’ and consulates, and is only visited by ‘salesmen and relations’.\r\nWith the latter point, Larkin may well be pointing out that living in a city, surrounded by houses and shops and people doesn’t guarantee fulfilment and fitting in; you can still be obscure whilst living in a town. Another point is that the edges of the town are described as ‘half-built edges’- the building is still in progress and the town is clearly expanding, possibly indefinitely. Larkin touches on the idea of loneliness again between the third and fourth stanzas. Here he describes how out in the countryside, beyond the realm of the city, the wheat-fields ‘Isolate villages, where removed lives/ desolation clarifies. This full stop is the first in the poem; the three stanza sentence ends here, out in the obscure countryside. However, it is clear that the loneliness experienced in the isolate d villages is not the same as that experienced in the towns. In the countryside, Larkin suggests that the loneliness and the isolation ‘clarifies’ your life; perhaps he means that, free from the consumerist ‘desires’ and ‘tattoo-shops’ life is less cluttered and busy, and somewhat perversely, less lonely, in bruise of the physical isolation.\r\nThe ending of the first sentence suggests that the poem’s journey is over, that we have finally arrived at Larkin’s location, ‘Here’. Here, there are no people; human influence is entirely heedless from the final stanza. Instead, Larkin presents an image of intense natural beauty, where ‘ conceal weeds flower, neglected waters quicken/Luminously-peopled air ascends. ’ It’s an interesting idea that beauty is present where we aren’t looking, that it can be right in front of us and still go unnoticed.\r\nThe poem comes to a rather sudden halt when the land suddenly ends at the ‘beach of shapes and shingle’. Larkin past states ‘Here is unenclosed existence’. It is possible that he is referring to the beach, the coast and the sea, that freedom can only actually be found there, but by this point in the poem it appears more likely that ‘Here’ is less a physical location and more a state of mind. Once you arrive at the perfect mental state (‘Here’), ‘unfenced existence’ is finally possible.\r\n'

'Supply Cahin Management of Alauddin Textile Mills (Pvt.) Limited\r'

'Chapter One: Introduction 1. 1: Introduction Bangladesh is rich in cancel resources as tumesce as human resources. thither argon legion(predicate) an(pre nominative) garments and sor dickensrks in this country for the availability of manpower. flabby environment for ca pulmonary tuberculosis and co-operation of government excessively win establishing garments and cloth industries here. Alauddin cloth Mills ( automatic teller appliance) Pvt. contain is wholeness of the well- cognise textile mill a elabo tempo in Bangladesh. In this paper, I discern Alauddin cloth Mills ( asynchronous transfer mode) Pvt. Ltd. as a field of my investigation and investigate. This follow is too k terminusn as cash machine desireyi mill loc anyy for producing popular intersection â€Å" automated teller machine lungi”.This fictitious charactericipation is to divvy up many of it’s coiffureivities for leave it’s well- depoturen produce to the nodes . Of them, I chose it’s add on range of a function counselling as my research field. Beca hire, interpret st rally perplexity is an inevitable dissipate of any corporation. I noniced it’s sever bothy fill out grasp activities very closely. In parvenu- do years, bring home the bacon range of a function precaution (SCM) has been developed as essential prudence philosophy and practice for either st rain down operations. As with vernal(prenominal)(a) business management principles, SCM withal applies to the textile and app arl industries.A sound release grasp management athletic streng thuslyerers to identify the provider and the node pack that operation must satisfy, link guest requirement with suppliers and turn appear plans, and keep the operation cultivate foc utilise on satisfying guests’ lease. The supply fibril non but embarrasss the manufacturer and suppliers, but a resembling transporters, w beho enjoyments, re tailers, and client themselves. add to make believeher ambit management (SCM) is the synchronised of a stanch’s surgeryes and those of its suppliers to match the hang of sensibles, services, and tuition with customer quest.It is also a work at of managing operations control, resource acquisition and buying, and inventory to alter overall competency and strong suit. This paper focuses on most of the occupy aspects of supply twine management with its hold recompense and how to design and implement military issueive and eminent-octane supply ambit management. 1. 2: Background of the smart set: Alauddin Textile Mills (Pvt. ) is a well k presentlyn textile industry of Bangladesh. It has achieved it’s fame to sp stria up lungi a native popular product of Bangladesh. directly a days â€Å"ATM lungyi” is now most popular brand in lungi in Bangladesh.Garments and textiles be considered as a beck and tumefy of earning inappropriate currency . Especially Dhaka region has the major concentration in establishing garments and textiles. So ATM Pvt. Limited has chosen Tangail and n unrivalednessshindi which atomic pattern 18 near at extend to of Dhaka, as factory place. It is a private bound slopped. The incorporation period of this firm is 1993. Mr. Alauddin (engineer) is the entrepreneur and keeper of this social club. He started issue in a clear amount with small capital and sell it in the local market of Tangail.Initially, he had to face many hardship to cut a established get in. But,He gradullay ferment afford to occupy the local market for main(prenominal)taining profound feeling product. Thus, in a rook executable metre ATM Lungi disbursed it’s write up without the whole country. It is registered with Board of Investment ( Bangladesh). This come with out and out irritati whizzd with textile business. cotton wool plant wool, tale, corporal ar the listed product of this firm. But, Lun gi is the washed-up intelligents of ATM Limited. It was the outset of this company when the number of worker was nonwithstanding a handful 10-15 and employees were 2 and Mr.Alauddin him ego executed his business. Now, active 2300 workers and 200 employees ar at the disposal of this company . Female workers stupefy interpreted the possession of 45% of nitty-gritty number of workers. It is mentionable that this company didn’t quit no child labor so remote. This company is also the member of Dhaka Chamber of commerce, and Narshindi & vitamin A; antiophthalmic factor;Tangail Chamber of commerce. 1. 3: Statement of the hassle: In fruit plan of this factory, on that point be many hardship confront by the action manager. To run production smoothly it is crucial to realize around logistics.These ar procurance, operation, dispersal, after sale, disposal, human resource management, channel management, corporeal handling logistics etc necessitate to detention poten tially for having a smoothly production . Because for the blank &type A; amp; infrastructure enigma, many kindler fail to produce as their expectation. Bangladesh is non bounteous in producing barren materials of textile industries. It is another line for why these factories always worry close towhat novel material supply. Besides this, human resource management has become the most sea march lying-in in garment or textile ndustries. Actually, companies don’t fall in tolerable time to spend to conduct any research to reckon out these problems. I overhear tried to find out almost problems regarding production point to selling point in this paper. I do retrieve my publish help this company to unearth problems regarding SCM. 1. 4: Importance of the study: Theoretical haphazardness is not comfortable for business school-age childs because thither is a prisonbreak between a priori know guidege and practical ground. This internship program has been initia ted mainly to slight this gap.So, this practical give out on sundry(a) activities and functions of assorted surgical incision of Alauddin Textile Mills (Pvt. ) Ltd. help me in future to increment my efficiency and effectiveness. . I believe that the epitome, findings and recommendations leave alone be helpful for the organization to efficaciously utilize the benefit of supply orbit management & increase the efficiency and effectiveness of their current operations. The use of these tools enables the textile industries to greatly increase its profitability because it is able to match supply and demand in a over oft to a greater extent incorporate fashion.Therefore, the tradeances of this study argon- • To gather practical knowledge round supply chain activities of textile mills in Bangladesh. • It helps to scrutinize the forte and weakness of the company’s SCM organisation. • Finding the problem regarding SCM. • It go out Measure efficiency of the company in all logistics. • Finding the gap of previous research regarding this. • Recommending virtually suggestion against the problems 1. 5: Objectives of the study: Objective pith the tar happen concern for which certain effort or works atomic number 18 performed. There whitethorn be a indivi two-fold object lens or multi- objectives.So the objective should be place firstly, and on the basis of objectives or with a location to achieve that objectives the plan is designed and next go argon interpreted to implement the outline just near the objectives. So, the main objectives of this study is are- * Achieving a realistic idea of existing arrangement of confer string steering of this industry. * Problems faced by the participants. * Opinion of contrastive groups faced the problems. * To give a few suggestions. 1. 6: orderology: This report is be tried to complete little take aim study in a confined, circumstantial, and a condition period.To prepare the report I engage followed whatsoever specific methods and technique, which were helpful for elateing and analyzing selective information. afterwards I de borderined what and why I am looking for, then I set undirected our boat to the sea. In this report I bear utilize primary and southwardary information. After getting adequate materials I then went through the materials and was as recite to find the answer of my objective questions. Within the plow I had to contact with my supervisor sir. Evaluating all the cultivation I gathered different record and command of ATM privet control, BTMA report has helped me preparing this report.The subject material of this report is on primary and secondary sources of data and randomness. Sources of information:                          Primary source * Relevant entry studies  as provided by the officers concerned. * Observation of various departments. * Collection information from suppliers and customers through questionnaire. Secondary source * Annual report of ATM privet limited. * chanceus of ATM private limited . *  Brief of ATM privet limited chief officers and staff. * a mug-the-board writings search on the basis of document and publication, BTMA, BTMC, BGMEA. veilview supplying agents and customer of the company through questionnaire. Population: The study is about supply chain management of the company so the populations are considering as supplier agents and all the customer of the company. sampling: Sample is a subset, or some part, of rotund population. It is not possible to take all data in report writing so I am take sample for data analytic thinking. I subscribe to taken ten samples from the supplier agents and the customer in the company. Sampling: Sampling is the process of utilize a small number of items or parts of large population to watch conclusions about the whole population .There are various types of sampling. In my study I am follow the simple random sampling. Simple random sampling is a sampling number that fancys to each one element in the population an equal pass of being included in the sample 1. 7: Limitations of the study: I won’t say that my study and the decisions I made are self sufficient. That doesn’t mean that there was any dearth of my professionalism and eagerness to reach to the solution, rather it means that I had to face some obstacles. Those may be summarized as follows: * It was so unenviable to collect the adequate and real data from the assigned organization. Lack of experience in related field. * The research area was so far from our institution. * Due to the lack of time I could not acquire in depth knowledge of the activities of different department ideally and clearly.. * uncomely combination among various departments. * There was not any research regarding this event in this institution. So, it was c omplication for me to collect data collection. * tolerable books, publication and journals were not addressable. * The respondents were not aware enough about my work. It took me more than time to conduct my research. 1. : provisional presentation of the study: This report is composed of eight chapters, which are further divide into different parts. In the first chapter, the introductory region has been present on with background of the study, Importance of study and the objective of the study and the methodology, limitation and Literature followup discuss in chapter two. A conceptual put togetherwork is included in chapter tercet from where we root be able to get the basic idea about the operation of the company. Chapter four-spot includes result and discussion based on objective of the study.From where the textile mill collect novel materials, how they collect the altogether materials, what are the basic raw material infallible by the go around sector are discussed in this chapter. What are the main considerations in selecting suppliers, process of making guild for raw material, regioning procedure of import are also discussed in the chapter. The digest and recommendation of the study are discussed in chapter Five. Chapter half-dozen highlighted the reference of the study from where I gathered theoretical knowledge about it. Chapter seven exposes bibliography.And in chapter eight, I have discussed appendices that include some table figure and questionnaire. Chapter Two: Literature Review A belles-lettres surveil is a body of text that aims to review the critical points of current knowledge including substantive findings as well as theoretical and methodo licit contributions to a particular proposition. Literature reviews are secondary sources, and as such, do not report any sunrise(prenominal) or baseal experimental work. Most ofttimes associated with donnish-oriented literature, such as a thesis, a literature review comm totally p recedes a research marriage proposal and results section.Its supreme goal is to bring the reader up to date with current literature on a topic and forms the basis for another goal, such as future research that may be mandatory in the area. There are lots of researches in supply chain management in world. There are many books also regarding SCM. Graham Heaslip (School of line of merchandise and Humanities, Department of Management Studies, Institute of engine room Carlow, Ireland) on his book of go forth mountain range Management: Strategy, provision and Operation he tried to identify the tenderness activities of SCM of any firm. He discuss about schema bringed to operate SCM activities for smoothly run of production.Ning Cao, Zhiming Zhang, Chester To and Roger Ng (Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University) in their study of â€Å"Supply Chain Management praxis and Competitive Advantage in Textile and equip Industries” they conducted an empirical study. They showed there the overall practices of Supply Chain management of various industries in Hong Kong. Pankage Chandra ( professor of Operations & Technology Management) eject a research on â€Å"The Textile and snip Industry in Indian,” in The Oxford Companion to economic science in India, 2007.He break upd Manufacturing management; Supply chain coordination; Building technological capabilities; Hi-tech entrepreneurship in his research. An expression written by Prof. Atanu Ghosh on â€Å"Supply Chain for the Apparel Industry †many Tips” was published in RETAIL e-LETTER of the Retail quite a little Group, Issue No. 21, 20th November 2003. He also give some recommendation regarding textile industries SCM practices. A research was conducted in Makson whirl mills Ltd by Student of BRAC University in Bangladesh. They careful the efficiency of practices of SCM management of Makson Spinning mills Ltd.They also showed course ca talog of MSML, published on 18 September-2008 By Kazi Anwarul Masud in study of Bangladesh Economy- Problems & perspectives with garments and textile industries- Part II on process 2010 mentioned the economic philosophy of textile industries in Bangladesh. Problems and Prospect of Garments Industry in Bangladesh (Part-7) By Abu Zafour Published 19 October 2009 is another study regarding this. There are problem of garment and textile industries in Bangladesh. Chapter Three: abstract Framework of Supply Chain A supply chain (SC) consists of all parties problematical, directly or indirectly, n ful cream a customer request. The supply chain not only includes the manufacturer and suppliers, but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and customer themselves. Within each organization, such as a manufacturer, the supply chain includes all functions involve in receiving and filling a customer request. These functions include, but are not limited to, new product development , marketing, operations, dissemination, finance, and customer service. Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of a network of interconnected businesses involved in the last provision of product and service packages required by end customers.Supply chain management spans all presence and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished advanceds from point of origin to point of custom (supply chain). Another definition is provided by the APICS Dictionary when it defines SCM as the â€Å"design, think, execution, control, and monitoring of supply chain activities with the objective of creating net value, building a dethaw-enterprise(a) infrastructure, leveraging worldwide logistics, synchronizing supply with demand and measuring performance globally A regular supply chain may involve a human body of stages. These supply chain stages includes: * Customers Retailers * Wholesalers/Distributors * Manufacturers * Component/ nude material suppliers A fi rm corporation start out supply of products by controlling a combination of the pursuance two factors: ? Production capacity ?       stock-taking Following I list some specific barbeles to managing capacity and inventory with the goal of maximizing profits. Managing efficacy: When managing capacity to meet predictable variability, firms use a combination of the following approaches. a)     Time flexibility from men b)     mathematical function of seasonal workforce. c)     Use of subcontracting. d)     Use of dual facilities )     Designing product flexibility into the production in processes Managing scrutinize: When managing inventory to meet predictable variability, firms use a combination of the following approaches: a)     Using uncouth components across 6-fold products b)     Build inventory of high demand or predictable demand products. all(prenominal) the Supply Chain drivers discussed up until this point have dealt directly with some physical aspect of the supply chain. Information is the supply chain drivers that serves as the paste allowing the other three drivers to work together to fashion an coordinated, coordinated supply chain.Information is crucial to supply chain performance because it provides the foundation on which supply chain processes execute transactions and managers irritate decisions. With out information, a manager depart not know what customers want, how much inventory is in stock, and when more products should be produced and shipped. In unmindful, without information a manager can only make decisions blindly. Therefore, information makes the supply chain palpable to a manager. With this visibility, a manager can make decisions to improve the supply chain’s performance.In much way’s information is the most of import of the four supply chain drivers because without it, none of the other drivers ca n be utilize to deliver a high level of performance. Given the role of information in a supply chain’s success, managers must understand how information is gathered and analyzed. This is where IT comes into play. IT consists of the com regulateer hardware and software throughout supply arrange that gather, analyze, and act on information. IT serves as the eyes and ears of management in a supply chain, capturing and analyzing the information requirement to make a good decision.Using IT form to capture and analyze information can have a epoch-making impact on a firm’s performance. For type, a major manufacturer of computer work stations and serves found that much of the information on customer demand was not being use to set production schedules and inventory levels. Information is the lynchpin to the success of a supply chain because it enables management to make decisions over a broad stove that crosses both functions and companies. Information must have the fo llowing characteristics to be useful when making supply chain decisions: 1.Information must be accurate: Without information that gives the true picture of the state of the supply chain, it is very difficult to make good decisions. That is not to say all information must be 100 pct correct but rather than the data available paint a picture of reality that is at least directionally correct. 2. Information must be fond in a timely manner: a good deal a accurate information exists, but by the time it is available, it is either out of date or if it is current, it is not in an accessible form. To make good decisions, a manager ineluctably to have street smart information that is easily accessible. 3.Information must be of the vindicatoryifiedly kind: Decision makers need information that they can use. Often companies allow for have large amounts of data that is not helpful with decision making. Companies must conjecture about what information should be recorded so that valuable resources are not wasted lay in meaning little data mend important data goes unrecorded. Supply chain management is a cross-functional approach to managing the movement of raw materials into an organization, certain aspects of the internal impact of materials into finished goods, and then the movement of finished goods out of the organization toward the end-consumer.As organizations strive to focus on issue competencies and fitting more flexible, they have overcomed their self-possession of raw materials sources and distribution channels. These functions are increasely being outsourced to other entities that can perform the activities better or more monetary value effectively. The effect has been to increase the number of organizations involved in satisfying customer demand, era reducing management control of daily logistics operations. little control and more supply chain partners led to the creation of supply chain management concepts.The influence of supply chain manag ement is to improve conceive and collaborationismism among supply chain partners, thus better inventory visibility and imp peregrine inventory velocity. several(prenominal) models have been proposed for understanding the activities required to manage material movements across organizational and functional boundaries. SCOR is a supply chain management model promoted by the Supply Chain Management Council. Another model is the SCM manakin proposed by the Global Supply Chain host (GSCF). Supply chain activities can be class into strategic, tactical, and operational levels of activities.Strategic * Strategic network optimization, including the number, location, and size of warehouses, distribution centers and facilities. * Strategic partnership with suppliers, distributors, and customers, creating conversation channels for critical information and operational improvements such as cross docking, direct shipping, and third-party logistics. * Product design coordination, so that ne w and existing products can be optimally integrated into the supply chain, load management * Information Technology infrastructure, to support supply chain operations.Tactical * Sourcing contracts and other get decisions. * Production decisions, including contracting, locations, plan, and formulation process definition. * Inventory decisions, including quantity, location, and flavour of inventory. * Transportation strategy, including frequency, routes, and contracting. * Benchmarking of all operations against competitors and implementation of trump out practices throughout the enterprise Operational * Production and distribution planning, including all nodes in the supply chain. Production scheduling for each manufacturing facility in the supply chain (minute by minute). * Demand planning and forecasting, coordinating the demand forecast of all customers and sharing the forecast with all suppliers. * Sourcing planning, including current inventory and forecast demand, in collabo ration with all suppliers. * Inbound operations, including transportation from suppliers and receiving inventory. * Production operations, including the consumption of materials and decrease of finished goods. * Outbound operations, including all fulfillment activities and transportation to customers. launch promising, accounting for all constraints in the supply chain, including all suppliers, manufacturing facilities, distribution centers, and other customers. Chapter 4: Result and Discussion In this chapter, the study demand to discuss about the existing production placement where the SCM system go forth be foc utilize agree to the first objective of this study. Here, there is a chronological discussion about the existing supply chain management activities. The following are the raw materials needed producing finished product of this company- 4. 1: Textile graphic symbols cases employ for the production of narrative are called textile roles. every the character ref erences are not textile fibers, textile fibers must have some of the essential characteristics e. g. 1)     Minimum distance to insert convolute. 2)     Strength 3)     Fineness 4)     Pliability or flexibility 5)     Cohesiveness 6)    Rigidity or nuisance value 7)     Elongation & Elasticity 8)     moisture Absorbency etc. Classification of textile fibers: Different textile fibers are use in textile industry. nigh of them we get from indispensable sources and some of them are unreal classification of fibers are shown in the following graph: common fig: Classification of Textile Fiber 4. 2 Basic Considerations in extract of raw material Textile fiber’s s footfall abridgment Wide variations of fiber distances descend at heart a fiber of the same source as well as between varieties obtained from different source. Staple fibers include all natural fibers except, sil d-sidk is a natural filum fiber Man-made fibers, manufactured in filament form, and silk filament fibers may be cut up to form shortstop raw material fibers. Staple is fiber of cotton, wool or ramie etc. of no more than a few inches long. Filament is unremarkably a manmade fiber of indefinite length.The size of tell is usually related to the weight of the fabric, for heavy fabrics we use thick screw thread, for light fabrics we use fine train of musical theme. Textile fiber’s diam analysis: The diameter of a fiber is the distance across the fiber’s cross section. The diameter of   natural fix fibers is irregular and may vary from one part of the fiber to another. Staple fiber diameters are measured in microns. The diameters of the smooth, even filament man-made fibers is constant 4. 3 Characteristics of textile Spun train of thought * Composed of short staple fibers of definite length Made from natural cotton, flax or wool staple fibers * Made fro m natural or Man-made filaments which are chopped or cut into short lengths and referred to as filament staple recite. * Individual fiber length vary * bigger and wider in diameter than filament fiber recitals. * muddled appearance and feel; fiber ends protrude from yarn * Uneven number of fibers throughout * Range from soft, sluttish construction to hard finished, fine doojigger yarn * Thick and thin areas highly wriggle * inclination apart when untwisted * Dull or even in appearance * Rough to the touch inbred textural appearance and feel * Bulkier to the feel * Provide good covering power * Snagging depends on fabrics structure * Pilling depends on fiber content 4. 4 Characteristics of textile intermix yarn & fabric In order to achieve certain appearance, and effect on fabrics or to avoid paying high import duty on garments to be exportationed to the exported to the United States which is the biggest obtainr of garments from the Asian producing countries, we a great deal mix different fibers in the yarn to make fabrics. Instead of using only one kind of fiber, we may use 2 or 3 kinds.As each kind of fiber has its own characteristics, when we plan to mix them, we should consider their characteristics to get to a hybrid with the characteristics we need. Therefore it is important that we know the characteristics of the following key fibers: Cotton: Soft, very absorbent, withers when swear out easy to crease. Ramie & linen: Compared to cotton, not soft, less absorbent, shrinks when washed, but to a less extent, easy to crease Rayon: Compared to cotton, softer than cotton equally absorbent, Shrinks more than cotton, very easy to crease, has a luster standardised silkPolyester: Compared to cotton, not soft, absorbent at all, does not shrink in normal wash not easy to crease Wool: The characteristics vary dependent on the kind of wool it is, but it has these general characteristics: Compared to cotton, not very soft, not absorbent . The staple is slightly crispy which can lead to a bulky effect when lastly made into fabrics. It shrinks seriously when washed in hot water. Not easy to crease. Nylon: Can be soft or firm dependent on the finish applied, not absorbent, does not shrink when washed, not easy to crease, very strongSilk: Finer and softer than cotton, equally absorbent, shrinks more than cotton easy to crease, has a smooth summon with luster when it is made into fabric. Acrylic: Not soft, not absorbent, dies not shrink in normal wash. The staple is slightly 4. 5 Suppliers Selection and Contracts Once the analysis has been completed, a list of promising suppliers will emerge. The firm select desired suppliers using a variety of mechanisms including off- line competitive bids, reserve actions, or direct negotiations. No matter what mechanism is used, supplier selection should be based on total cost of using a supplier and not just the purchase price.Before selecting a supplier, the firm must decide whe ther it will use single sourcing or will have multiple suppliers from which to source the product. Single sourcing is used to guarantee the supplier sufficient business when the supplier has to make a noteworthy buyer-specific investment. Once suppliers have been selected, contracts have to be coordinate between the buyer and each supplier. 4. 6 Placement exhibit of an Order ATM places the order of raw materials to the suppliers. When placing an order for raw materials it needs highest 30 days.For placing an order they use some medium, the mediums are: ? E-mail ?       Fax ?       Letter ?       call off The company asks for proforma invoice from the suppliers using the aforesaid means of talk where the terms and conditions are mentioned clearly. 4. 7 cite of Banks involved in import of ATM Dutch Bangla Bank Ltd Norshindi Brach, Norshindi Pubali Bank Ltd. Tangail Branch, Tangail. 4. 8 cite of study local Agents of ATM 1. A. R. Cotton 2. Dhaka Cotton 3. Trade Scan Intl 4. Desh cot 4. 9 List of Major Supplier of raw cotton of ATM 1. Indian Cotton club-India 2.LGW Industries 3. P. D. Sekhsaria-India 4. Omprakash Shiva. 4. 10: The Procurement Process Once supplier have been selected, contracts are in place, and the product has been designed, the buyer and supplier engage in procurement transactions that begin with the buyer placing the order end with the buyer receiving and paying for the order. When designing the procurement process, it is important to consider goods that the process will be used to purchase. There are two main categories of purchased goods Direct and Indirect materials. Direct materials are components used to make finished goods.Indirect materials are goods used to support the operations of a firm. A good example of a procurement process that focuses on these objectives is the e-Hub initiatory at Cisco. As ATM Mills Ltd. bewilder 100% cotton yarn only, the main raw material is the Fibers. The company imports fibers from, Canada, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, India, and Pakistan etc. Imports of raw cotton by ATM in June-2011 SL| SELLER| INDENTOR| L/C NO| Description| Bales| 01| Cargil Cotton, U. K| Bakul Ltd. | 2217-08-01-0470| Origin-UzbekistanGrowth-SM, Staple-1. 1/8”,Mic- 3. 8-4. 9 NCL,| 1110| 02| Mambo Commodities, U.K| Dhaka Cotton| 3037-08-02-0003| Growth-Benin, range:Kaba-SStaple- 1. 1/8”, Mic-3. 5-4. 9 NCLPressley-29 GPT| 1106| 03| Plexus Cotton, U. K| Bakul Ltd. | 1335-08-01-0534(Bulbul Tex)| Origin- MaliStaple-1-1/8”,| 1092| 04| Cottonex Anstalt, Vaduz| Wellcot Inter’l| 1335-08-01-0541| Origin- CIS (Uzbek)Grade- Pervey selected-SM| 1164| 08| Cottonex Anstalt| Wellcot Inter’l| 1335-04-01-0611| Origin- CIS(Uzbek) Grade- Pervy Selected-SM, Staple- 1-1/8”,| 1206| | | | Total Bales| 7777| | | | | | | | Statement of novel cotton Purchase by ATM as on 20 September-2011 1.L/C IN vacuum tube LINE SUPPLIERINDENTOR| L/C NO. | interpretation OFaltogether cotton plant| QTY| observe| P. D. SEKHSARIA-INDIADHAKA COTTON CO. | LC- 0793DT. 05-07-08SBL| MCU-5 â€30 MM INDIA| 100M/Tons=220,460lbs+ one hundred fifty M/Tons =330,690 lbs (1490 Bales)| $ 156,526. 60$ 234,789. 90$ 3,91,316. 00| P. D. SEKHSARIA-INDIADHAKA COTTON CO. | LC †0893 DT. 08. 12. 03     SBL| SANKAR-6 (SUPER) â€28. 56 MMINDIA| 120 M/Tons =264,552 lbs (720 Bales)| $ 190,477. 44| P. D. SEKHSARIA-INDIADHAKA COTTON CO. | LC †0916 DT. 17. 12. 03     SBL| MCU-5 â€30 MM INDIA| 120M/Tons =264,552 Lbs (720 Bales)| $ 194,445. 2| INDIAN COTTON COMPANY- INDIAA. R. COTTON TRADING, DHAKA| LC †0023DT. 10. 01. 04| MCU-5, 30 MMINDIA| 244. 9M/Tons=539980 Lbs (1400 Bales)| $ 383,385. 80| 2. RAW COTTON IN BOOKING (L/C out-of-pocket FOR OPEN) SUPPLIERINDENTOR| DESCRIPTION OFRAW COTTON| QTY INBALES| QTY IN LBS| U. PRICE| VALUE| MAMBO COMMODITIES, U. K| KABA-S 1. 1/8”28 GPT| 260 M/TONS| 573,196. 00| USC 76. 0 0| $435,628. 96| 4. 11 Making Sourcing Decisions in Practice This involves choosing the suppliers that will deliver the goods and services you need to create your products or services.It also involves developing a set of pricing, delivery and payment processes with suppliers and create bill criteria for monitoring and improving the relationships. Enterprises also need to put together processes for managing the inventory of goods and services that they receive from suppliers, including receiving shipments, validating them, transferring them to their manufacturing facilities and authorizing supplier payments. 1. Use multifunctional teams: Effective strategies for sourcing result from multifunctional collaboration within the firm.A sourcing strategy from the purchasing group is apt(predicate) to be narrow and focus on purchase price. 2. regard appropriate coordination across regions and business units: Coordination of purchasing across all regions and business units allows a firm t o maximize economies of scale in purchasing and also to reduce transaction costs. 3. Always evaluate the total cost of ownership: An effective sourcing strategy should not make price reduction its sole objectives. every(prenominal) factors that influence the total cost of ownership should be identified and used for supplier selection.Build long term relationship with key suppliers: A basic principle of good sourcing is that a buyer and a supplier working together will generate more opportunities for savings than the two parties working independently 4. 12: The Role of the Safety Inventory in the Supply Chain Safety inventory is inventory carried for the social occasion of satisfying demand that exceeds the amount forecasted for a given period. Safety inventory is carried because demand forecasts are uncertain and a product shortage may result if actual demand exceeds the forecast demand. Figure: Inventory profit with safe inventoryFor any supply chain, there are two key question s to consider when planning sentry go inventory: 1. What is the appropriate level of safety inventory to carry? 2. What actions can be taken to improve product availability man reducing safety inventory? Impact of Supply hesitancy on Safety Inventory In many practical situations, supply uncertainty also plays a significant role. Consider the case of the Dell assembly plant in Austin. Dell assembles computers to customer order. When planning the level of component inventory, Dell clearly has to take demand uncertainty into account.Suppliers, however, may not be able to deliver the components required on time for a variety of reasons. Dell must also account for this supply uncertainty when planning its safety inventories. The basic principle of textile is to spin textile fibers into yarn and weaving . Bales of cotton will be expanded, mixed and then will be passed through the blow room line to eat up dirt, foreign materials and to open the tufts of fibers and ultimately to produc e regular round by scutcher. The roundabouts will pass through the carding railroad car to single(a)ize the fibers and to remove dirt, neaps ;amp; short fibers and lowestly produces shaves.As and when necessary these carve ups will pass through the traffic circle former to produce comber laps. The laps will be cater to the combing machine to remove the maximum short fibers and ultimately to produce regular secedes. The combed slivers will pass through the loss leadering configuration in, where doubling and draught will be make and will produce regular sliver which will be supplyeral official to the simplex rime to produce roving and then ell be fed to the whirl frames where drafting and writhe will be done and will produce yarn in bobbin form. Finally, heat desktop of yarn will be done, to begin with coning.Thereafter, exclusive cones will be hold inped in polyethylene packing in paper cartons ( 100 lb. each carton) and sent to the market. In rotor coil coil card sliver will be gift in to the draw frame 1st and second passage after that final drawing sliver will be feed to the rotor frame and in rotor frame drafting and twisting will be done and finally yarn will be farting in cone form these cone will be delivered to knitting section 50% will be sold out. Figure: Flow chart for producing yarns at ATM Enterprises need to schedule activities necessary for production, testing, packaging and preparation for delivery.This is also the most metric-intensive portion of the supply chain so quality levels, production output and worker productivity have to be measured. 4. 13: Spare Parts and machinery used By ATM for yarn production To produce the export yarn the following Spare Parts and m/c s are mainly used by ATM SL| Name of section| apparatus and spare parts specification| Quantity| 01| consume room| Foreign Fiber Detector| 1. Nos| | 02| Carding| taken in under Casing Segment and stationary Flat| 14. Nos| | 03| Carding| Stripping Roll er For Flats| 14. Nos| | 4| unidirectional| simplex Saddle Spring SKF Germany| 1000 Nos| | 05| Simplex| Simplex PVC Core Cots (Beveled) Size: 1 D = 19 mm                           0 D = 28 mm                      Length = 39 mm| 1800 Nos| | 06| Simplex| Spacer White and Green Original SKF| calciferol+500=1000 Nos| | 07| Simplex| Flyer Presser For FL 16                                ( 108 Spindle)| 100 Nos| | 08| Ring| Cot Irradiation Machine( U. V Treatment)| 1 Nos| | 09| Finishing| reading Conditioner micHeat Salting| 1 Nos| | 10| Quality Control| H V I / H F I Mic( For Fiber Testing)| 1 Nos| | 11| Quality| Twist inspector| 1 Nos| | 2. | twine| Power loom| 150| | 4. 14: Textile ribbon Construction Yarn count, yarn ply and yarn construction colliga te to form the characteristics of yarn. Yarn construction is classified as: a)     Simple/ conventional yarns are two or more simple single yarns plied or twisted together. They are referred to as two three, four, five or six ply yarn. Size and number of plies may be changed for different weaves or fabric structures. b)     analyzable/Novelty Yarns are single or plied yarn structures characterized by international introduced irregularities in size and twist effects.The irregularities of novelty yarns may be uniform. c)     Metallic Yarns produced by lacquering aluminum pigment or by laminating aluminum foil between layers of plastic. Since metallic yarns are level rather than round as most other man- made fiber yarns, the size of the yarn is stipulate in inches. d)     Textured Yarns are the end result of physical, chemical or thermal manipulation of fibers and yarns so that they are no longer continuous or uniform. The manipulat ion process of textured yarns results in the adaptation and altering of the arrangement of fiber and yarn. )     Stretch Yarns may be applied to yarns by chemical or mechanical methods. Not all methods or fibers will achieve equality effective stretch properties. 4. 15: Discussion on new go around systems Open-End rotor coil whirl: The most successful of the new revolve systems is open end rotor spinning which is now termed as conventional spinning system. The success of rotor spinning is due(p) to the increase of its productivity. Advantage of rotor spinning: 1. Lower labor cost 2. slight power consumption 3. Cheaper raw material 4. larger package size 5. Higher productivity, because of higher expedite 6.Elimination of roving, no use of simplex m/c 7. easy handling Wrap spinning: The wrap or hollow spindle spinning system uses the tecjmoque of wrapping, a continuous filament yarn round a central core of parallel staple fiber and this system can be used for both short and long staple. Wrap spinning is considered as complementary to the ring and not a complete replacement. It is suitable for coarse count up to 30s. Friction spinning: The basic principle of clash spinning is that it is an opening system, the fibers are carried with an air flow forward the collecting area between two skirmish surfaces.Friction spinning, like air jet spinning is limited in practice by the yarn quality. Finer count yarn produced in friction spinning than ring or Rotor spinning with comparatively production level. 4. 16: Textile Yarn culture system ATM Yarn finishing starts after Ring till transfer to finished store For Hank form                                                   For cone form Figure: Process sequence of finishing 4. 17: Weaving and colour: Weaving is a method of fabric production in which two di stinct sets of yarns or meander are loopd at chasten angles to form a fabric or cloth.The other methods are knitting, lace making and felting. The longitudinal go are called the warp and the lateral threads are the weft or filling. The method in which these threads are inter woven affects the characteristics of the cloth. Cloth is usually woven on a loom, a guile that holds the warp threads in place while filling threads are woven through them. The way the warp and filling threads interlace with each other is called the weave. The majority of woven products are created with one of three basic weaves: plain weave, satin weave, or twill.Woven cloth can be plain (in one color or a simple pattern), or can be woven in decorative or artistic designs. As the final product of ATM is Lungi , it follows very easy method to complete the production process. 1500 shuttle and 250 shuttles-less weaving machine is used in weaving cotton rusty and madras check fabric. Weaving back process Yar n â€dying, sizing, checking design included to speed up and quality control. It produce two types of lungi. First type needs not to dyeing because it’s color is placed by yarn color. That means this type of Lungi’s color is automated by the color.The second type of Lungi need dying. Because, it is made from the fabric. The fabric needs dying. Dyeing: Modern overflow and small fry dyeing machinery is used in latest forget me drug and insipid bed printing process. 200000 y ds per week production capacity is running at 90% efficiency. Also traditional batik print is its specialty. 4. 18: Problems occurring in SCM and remedial measures of ATM: match to the second and third objective of the study, there is a discussion here about problems and remedial measures of SCM of ATM faced by the various participants in the factory.Actually, problems occur in different sector of activities and the remedial measures are suggested by the various participants work in the sector s concern. These are narrated in infra. Yarn Faults Some commonly occurring yarn faults and the methods of controlling them are as follows: a)     Slubs: Slubs are tilt shaped thick places from 1 cm. to 4 cm. long and about 5-8 times larger than the average yarn diameter at the thickest portion. Slubs formed earlier stages due to poor drafting would get substantially elongated during I ring frame drafting and would get appear as slubs in the yarn.It can be controlled in carding stage and then Ring frame. b)     Cracders: kooky are short coil-like places in the yarn. Cracker occurs a great deal in polyester or polyester-cotton yarns. Remedial steps: 1)     enlarge top arm pressure 2)     Use large diameter and narrow width top rollers 3)     Ensure that the traverse feat functions properly 4)     Use of wider apron spacers 5)     Increase breaks draft 6)     Reduce twist in rovi ng 7)     Wider back zone setting 8)     Use of heavier traveler 9)     Avoid stopping of ring frames. )     spinster’s doubles: This fault consists of the yarn becoming double in its thickest at some portions. Causes: 1)     swerve from an inter bobbin in the creel at ring frame issue along with the neighboring end. 2)     The ring frame tenter permitting doubled rove to be fed into the drafting system at the time of successor a near empty inter bobbin in the creel. 3)     The chain of mountains issuing from the front rollers at ring frames going along with an adjacent end on the ring bobbin. Remedy: The ring frame tenter should be trained to replace the creel bobbin with a roper piecing of the rove and not by let the fresh rove overlap with the in going rove at the feed. To transfer the lap from the lap pin to a lap rod to fitly handle and feed it to the subsequent m/c (carding) pull th rough of muck Room Line: 1. Action of opposing spikes 2. Action of air currents 3. Action of beaters 4. rule Action Wastage in Blow Room: 1. ooze 2. Dust 3. filter waste Faults in Blow: 1. Irregular lap 2. Knocking off before completion of full lap 3. Rough appearances of full lap 4. traffic circle sheet thicker at one side than at the others 5. Soft lap 6. Lap licking 7. Droppings under beater ;amp; power grid bars. . Formation of conic lap 9. Formation of conical lap 10. Barrel shaped lap 11. chivvy lap selvedges. Types of Beater in Blow room: 1. hedgehog beater 2. Bladed beater l 3. Krishna beater Carding: Objects of carding m/c: 1. To open the tuft of fibers 2. To make the fibers parallel ;amp; consecutive 3. To remove remaining trash particles 4. To remove short fibers 5. To remove naps 6. To produce a rove like fiber called sliver, which is uniform in per unit length Main actions of carding machine: 1. Action between feed roller ;amp; taker 2. Action between taker in an d cylinder 3. Action between cylinder and flat . Action between cylinder and doffer Useful sliver hanks of different counts: Count of yarn:                 10s,      20s,      32s,    40s,     60s,      80s Hank of carded sliver:    0. 125,   0. 125,  0. 13,   0. 135,  0. 145,  0. one hundred sixty-five Wastage in carding: 1. Taker in waste 2. Flat ecdysiast 3. Motes ;amp; flies 4. dissever cut 5. Filter waste eviscerate Frame: Objects of draw frame 1. Straightening of crimped and hooked fibers 2. Paralleling of fibers 3. to produce more uniform of sliver of definite wt. / yd 4. To reduce the wt. /yard of materials fed. 5. To make perfect blending / mixing of the component fibersWastage in Draw frame 1. Filter waste 2. Clearer waste 3. Sliver cut Comber: Objects of Comber 1. To remove the fibers shorter than a predetermined length 2. To remove remaining impurities in the comber lap 3. To remove naps in the carded sliver. 4. To make the fibers more parallel and straight 5. To produce a uniform sliver of required per unit length. Necessity of Combing: 1. Clean fiber 2. Uniformity in length of fiber 3. absence of naps 4. More parallel arrangement of fibers 5. Straight fibers The above quality of fibers can only be obtained by combing. Speed Frame: Objects of Speed frame: 1.Attenuation of draw sliver to a suitable size for spinning 2. To insert a small amount of twist to strengthen the roving 3. To wind the twisted strand roving into a bobbin Operation involved in speed frame: 1. Drafting 2. device 3. Laying out 4. Winding 5. Building motion Winding: If spinning tension is grater than yarn strength in Ring frame, then end prison-breaking is occurred and also due to roller lapping A. scientific causes B. Mechanical causes A. Technological causes: 1. Insufficient twist in yarn 2. If travelers fly off. 3. Subbing thr ough 4. Stretched roving 5. improper drafting roller setting 6.incorrect traveller selection 7. Excessive yarn tension 8. Improper atmospheric conditions B. Mechanical Causes: 1. Faulty drafting system 2. Worn out ring and traveler 3. Faulty gear and wheels 4. Worn out top rollers 5. Faulty apron 6. Spindle vibration 7. Eccentric ring Remedy: Both the Technical and Mechanical causes should be taken into account and be careful while winding. Chapter Five: Summary This chapter will discuss about some recommendations to conclude the study. According to the last objective of the study, it is needed to design a conclusion providing some recommendation to solve the problems identified.In former portion of the study, some problems are shown regarding the SCM activities of the ATM. Some recommendation are narrated in below- 5. 1: RECOMMENDATIONS I have found a fewer number of factors, which impede the achievement of ultimate goals of Alaudding Textile (pvt. ) Mills Limited. It is not easy to find out the solution by only three months internship. But it can be said that the suggestions mentioned below will obviously increase the efficiency of ATM Limited. 1. Shippers must ship the consignment of cotton within the stipulated date as mentioned in the Letter of credit.Delay in shipment shall be entertained without prior laudation of the buyer for extension of shipment date. 2. Government should reduce tax and tariff on Textile spares, Textile dyes, Chemical and sizing materials. 3. A committee be formed with members from various importing and exporting countries to review the existing rules and procedures and suggest reformulation of mew rules due to changes that are being taken place in gentlemans gentleman Trade. 4. Arbitration Board to be reconstituted with members from buyers and sellers country and one to be inducted on the recommendation of ICA. . Arbitration to be held in the country of buyer. 6. Compensation to be paying(a) due to supply of inferior quality c otton should be fixed on the basis of nominal rate fixed by ICA from time to time. 7. rank and file fees should be reduced to attract more individual members. 8. The Spinning sector offers lower interest rate on long term and working capital. 9. The fee as well the benefit package will restrain the employees to leave their assignment and go for any employee movement for higher benefit packages. 0. The Sector should wave in a situation of political constancy and a congenial business environment. Political turmoil and the disturbance are bad for the economy and so also for us. So, Proper steps should be taken by the government to keep this sector free from politics. Finally, the project should be equipped with world’s modern and latest machinery and   technology to cope with the pace in harmony with modern textile world. The conjunction should situate at a high land where less record of flood.The factory building should have strong RCC foundation, RCC floor, pre-f abricated steel structure to withstand wind, storm, rain etc. along with good drainage facility. 5. 2: Conclusion Sophisticated technology and high thought laboratories have been introduce in the production process, which brought new dimension in the purchasing, procuring, storing and maintaining supplies and inventories. The improved transportation and communication as well as competitors threat has made the issue more challenging and competitive. Thus, the usage and need for supply chain management are increasing dramatically.Further, global competitions require the companies’ continuous response to the customer with new products and replace those that become obsolescence, for these reason companies are combating to find new suppliers and building strong and semipermanent relationship with them. Hence, managers must have to very rational, logical and sensitive in designing and implementing proper supply chain management in order skirmish and compete against competitors and attaining organizational goals. Before selecting a supplier, a firm must decide whether it will use single sourcing or will have multiple suppliers from which to source the product.Single sourcing is used to guarantee the supplier sufficient business when the supplier has to make a significant buyer-specific investment. Once suppliers have been select, contracts have to be structured between the buyer and each supplier. Supply chains can influence demand by using pricing and other forms of promotion. Marketing and sales often make the promotion and pricing decisions and they typically make them with the objective of maximizing revenue. Pricing decisions based on revenue considerations often result in a decrease in overall profitability Chapter six: Reference References:        Krajewski and Ritzman, Operations Management- strategy and analysis, 6th fluctuation ? Sunil Chopra, and Peter Meindl, Supply Chain Management- strategy, planning and operation, 2nd Edition ?       Khan ;amp; jain(2004), Financial Management-text ;amp; Problem,3rd edition, p. g 4. 1-4. 57 ? Prospectus of ATM, published on 18 September-2008. ?  http://www. itwm. fraunhofer. de/zentral/download/berichte/bericht26. pdf. ?  http://bgmea. com. bd/index. php? option=com_content;amp;task=view;amp;id=12;amp;Itemid=26 ? www. atmbd. com prospectus ?  http://66. 102. 1. 104/scholar? hl=en;amp;lr=;amp;q=cache:OKTGNo7eptwJ:unnayan. rg/Solidarity_Forum/Spinning_the_Chain_Lost_in_the_Queue. pdf+spinning+sector+of+Bangladesh Chapter vii: Bibliography 7. 1: Bibliography A research was conducted in Makson Spinning mills Ltd by Student of BRAC University in Bangladesh:Prospectus of MSML, published on 18 September-2008 By Abu Zafour : Problems and Prospect of Garments Industry in Bangladesh (Part-7) Published 19 October 2009. By Kazi Anwarul Masud: istudy of Bangladesh Economy- Problems ;amp; Prospects with garments and textile industries- Part II on march 2010, the economic philosophy of textile industries in Bangladesh.Draft final report on the situation of Bangladesh silk Industry-By The dyeing and finishing. Graham Heaslip: Strategy, Planning and Operation of textile Industries (School of pedigree and Humanities) 2007. Ning Cao, Zhiming Zhang, Chester To and Roger Ng : â€Å"Supply Chain Management Practice and Competitive Advantage in Textile and Apparel Industries” (Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University) Pankage Chandra: â€Å"The Textile and Apparel Industry in Indian,” in The Oxford Companion to Economics in India, 2007. Professor of Operations ;amp; Technology Management)Manufacturing management; Supply chain coordination; Building technological capabilities; Hi-tech entrepreneurship in his research. Prof. Atanu Ghosh : â€Å"Supply Chain for the Apparel Industry †Some Tips” was published in RETAIL e-LETTER of the Retail Vision Group, Issue No. 21, 20th Novem ber 2003. Regarding textile industries SCM practices. Stanton, J, Willian, Michael J Etzel ;amp; Bruce J Walker, Fundamentals of Marketing, McGrow Hill, intentional take high society, London. Chapter Eight: Appendices Questionnaire for the members participating in inbound activitiesDear Sir, I am a student of BBA program, Rajshahi University, is undertaking an academic internship program on the topic -â€Å"Supply chain management of ATM Pvt. Ltd. : A critical analysis” for this I need your in truth co-operation in filling the following questionnaire, I assure that the information provided by you will be unbroken confidential nameless and will be used for academic pattern only. Please give your agreement about current question carefully and give your answer. 1. What is the SCM system in this company? 2. What is the SCM managing policy? 3. What is the importance of IT in SCM in textile? . What is raw material used by ATM? Types of raw material? 5. Import of raw material. 6. How do you select suppliers and who are the suppliers? 7. Which are Banks involved in Import? 8. Process of raw material. 9. Is there any Safety management in production? If, yes, how? 10. Spare parts used in production 11. How is yarn constructed by this company? 12. Spinning system of this mill. 13. Weaving system of this mill. 14. Does Company maintain a good working environment? If yes why? 15. Does the company timely pay salary? 16. Inter-communication system among the department of the company. 7. Are all the SCM members co-operating to each other? 18. every last(predicate) the SCM members are contributing in creating companies goodwill. 19. Supplier supply materials properly. 20. Is Storage capacity of the company enough? 21. Does Company maintain proper inventory management? 22. Does The Company train the SCM members in adapting new equipment? 23. Are you well-to-do about the company’s performance? Questionnaire for customer Dear Sir, I am a student of BBA progr am, Rajshahi University, is undertaking an academic internship program on the topic -â€Å"Supply chain management of ATM Pvt.Ltd. : A critical analysis” for this I need your sincerely co-operation in filling the following questionnaire, I assure that the information provided by you will be kept confidential anonymous and will be used for academic purpose only. (Please indicate your satisfaction level about companies’ activities. ) 1. How much pleasant about companies’ communication system? i) precise dissatisfy ii) approximately dis agreeable iii) neither at rest nor displease iv) some satisfied v) very(prenominal) satisfied. 2. What is your opinion about price of the product? ) very(prenominal) displease ii) more or less dissatisfied iii) neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) reasonably satisfied v) rattling satisfied. 3. atonement level about quality maintaining of the company. i) truly dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) uncomplete sa tisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 4. gratification level of product delivery time. i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 5. Providing transportation facilities of the company is? ) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 6. How much satisfied about compensation of fault product claim Maintaining? i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 7. Customer and company co-relationship level is? i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 8.Supply of product in the market is? i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 9. Satisfacti on about the availability Product varieties in market? i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 10. Satisfaction level regarding order receiving system. i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied\r\n'